Última actualización 15 de julio de 2026
Key finding
HOMA-IR after treatment decreased by 12.505.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients, finding significant improvements in insulin resistance and other metabolic markers.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Extended (5–20+ y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients, finding significant improvements in insulin resistance and other metabolic markers.
These findings are clinically significant as they suggest that a very low-calorie diet can be an effective intervention for managing type 2 diabetes, potentially leading to better long-term health outcomes. Understanding the predictors of dietary efficacy, such as phase angle, can help tailor treatments to individual patients, enhancing the overall management of diabetes.
Non-randomized design limits causal inferences. Sample size may affect the generalizability of results. Lack of long-term follow-up data on sustained effects.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Yanjing F, Tianchi H, Yi Z, Rong L. Phase angle as a predictor of therapeutic efficacy of very low-calorie diet in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Medicine. 2025;104(43):e45432. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000045432
139 patients (62.3%) achieved HOMA-IR < 2.5, indicating improved insulin resistance.
Body weight decreased significantly by -7.691 kg/m² (p=0.001).
Fasting blood glucose levels decreased significantly by -5.772 mmol/L (p=0.001).
Fasting insulin levels decreased significantly by -11.925 mmol/L (p=0.001).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet and Body weight, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), Fasting insulin levels, and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
4
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
835
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Evidencia principal
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Relación de evidencia
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Body weight
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Body weight
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Fasting insulin levels
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Fasting insulin levels
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Gastrointestinal disorders incidence
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Gastrointestinal disorders incidence
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Insulin resistance
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Insulin resistance
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Phase angle
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Phase angle
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Ketogenic Diets and Body Weight, Ketogenic Diets and Insulin Resistance.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diet and Nutrition
Diet and Nutrition
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Body Weight
Measures Body Weight as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Insulin Resistance
Measures Insulin Resistance as a key outcome.
All studies on Ketogenic Diets
Contributes to Ketogenic Diets evidence base.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
3 results
3 results
3 results
3 results
3 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Ketogenic Diets may improve Insulin Resistance.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Insulin resistance
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 76.2 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Fasting insulin levels
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 4 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Ketogenic Diets appears to improve Body Weight.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Body weight
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 76.2 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 3 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Ketogenic Diets may improve Fasting Glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a small number of supporting studies and should be interpreted cautiously.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Ketogenic Diets for Gastrointestinal Adverse Events.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Gastrointestinal disorders incidence
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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