Gestational Diabetes (GDM)Healthcare Delivery & Education

Research Summary

Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™

Nepalese women with gestational diabetes find a mobile app easy to use and satisfying for self-management

Last updated May 16, 2026

Key finding

A cross-sectional study of 46 Nepalese women with gestational diabetes found that the GDM-DH mobile app showed good usability (SUS score 72.1/100) and was well-accepted, with 97.8% finding it easy to use.

This study looked at whether a mobile app designed for Nepalese women with gestational diabetes was easy to use and helpful. Women spent about 37 minutes per day on the app and most found it easy to use and well-organized. Nearly all participants said they would use the app again.

Quick read

Study at a glance

The essential study design details in one scan.

EvidenceScore™

Low

Study type

Cross-Sectional

Follow-up

Short-Term (≤3 mo)

Risk of bias

High Risk

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Plain-language summary

What this paper says

A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.

Study focus

Published in

Journal Reference

Publication details and source links for this paper.

Chaudhary K, Shanmugavel A, Shrestha B, et al. Usability Acceptability and Satisfaction of a New Mobile Intervention among Nepalese Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2025;63(290):714-720. doi:10.31729/jnma.v63i290.9201

Main Effects

GDM-DH app achieved good usability (SUS 72.12±4.78, above industry average of 68) ↓

95.6% of women liked using the app and would use it frequently ↓

97.8% found the app easy to use and well organized ↓

Evidence network

How this study fits

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Evidence Context

This study contributes evidence to GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) and Oxford Maternity Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction (OMDTSQ) score, System Usability Scale (SUS) score, mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) score.

This study contributes evidence to

Intervention

GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital)

Outcome

Oxford Maternity Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction (OMDTSQ) score

Evidence topic

Diabetes Technology

Primary intervention

GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital)

Primary outcomes

Oxford Maternity Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction (OMDTSQ) score
System Usability Scale (SUS) score
mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) score

Evidence topics

Diabetes Technology

Primary intervention

GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital)

Primary outcomes

Oxford Maternity Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction (OMDTSQ) score System Usability Scale (SUS) score mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) score

Evidence relationships

Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.

Evidence pairs

Relationships

Evidence topics

contributes_evidence

Editorial context

Why this study matters

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Evidence network role

This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.

Limited contributionLow confidenceNetwork score: 34

Why it is useful

Contributes to 3 evidence relationships
Linked to 1 direct semantic evidence topic

Topic contributions

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

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Primary evidence

Evidence topic

Diabetes Technology

matched_intervention_and_outcome

Core evidence

Study findings

The primary outcomes reported in this study.

mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) score

GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) → mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) score

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: 28; Limited
ImpactScore™: 55; Slightly Positive
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

Oxford Maternity Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction (OMDTSQ) score

GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) → Oxford Maternity Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction (OMDTSQ) score

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: 28; Limited
ImpactScore™: 55; Slightly Positive
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

System Usability Scale (SUS) score

GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) → System Usability Scale (SUS) score

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: 28; Limited
ImpactScore™: 55; Slightly Positive
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

Evidence Library

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Evidence Suggest

App demonstrated strong usability and acceptability in a low-resource setting
High engagement: 37 min/day average use with 12 min/session
23.9% needed technical support - suggests need for built-in tutorials

Who this applies to

This study applies to women with gestational diabetes in low-resource settings, particularly those in Nepal or South Asia, who may benefit from culturally tailored mobile health tools for diabetes self-management.

Keep in Mind

This is a feasibility study with a small sample size from a single hospital in Nepal. The app was only available in Nepali and required an Android smartphone. About one-quarter of participants needed technical support, suggesting that digital literacy may be a barrier for some users.

Between the Lines

Small sample size (n=46) limits generalizability
Only included literate women with Android phones
Instruments (SUS, MAUQ) not formally validated in Nepali

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Connected Evidence

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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.

Questions answered by this study

Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.

Does GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) improve oxford maternity diabetes treatment satisfaction (omdtsq) score?

Limited Evidence

GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) may improve Oxford Maternity Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction (OMDTSQ) score.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

1
Oxford Maternity Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction (OMDTSQ) score
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 27.6 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

Only one supporting study is available.
Consistency cannot yet be determined.
Population details are unavailable.

View Full Evidence

Does GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) improve system usability scale (sus) score?

Limited Evidence

GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) may improve System Usability Scale (SUS) score.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

1
System Usability Scale (SUS) score
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 27.6 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

Only one supporting study is available.
Consistency cannot yet be determined.
Population details are unavailable.

View Full Evidence

Does GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) improve mhealth app usability questionnaire (mauq) score?

Limited Evidence

GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) may improve mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) score.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

1
mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) score
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 27.6 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

Only one supporting study is available.
Consistency cannot yet be determined.
Population details are unavailable.

View Full Evidence

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Next steps

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Evidence topics

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Diabetes Technology Evidence Hub

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All studies on GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) and Oxford Maternity Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction (OMDTSQ) score All studies on GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) and System Usability Scale (SUS) score All studies on GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) and mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) score

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