Last updated July 12, 2026
Key finding
Change in HbA1c was not statistically significant (p=0.11).
This study evaluated the feasibility of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in a rural population with type 1 diabetes, finding no significant change in HbA1c levels.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the feasibility of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in a rural population with type 1 diabetes, finding no significant change in HbA1c levels.
This research highlights the potential benefits of continuous glucose monitoring in managing diabetes, particularly in rural settings where access to care may be limited. Understanding the impact of CGM on glycemic control can help inform treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.
Small sample size may limit generalizability. Findings may not apply to urban populations. Short duration of the study may not capture long-term effects.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Apoorva G, Francis V, Matthew MC, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring in a rural population with type 1 diabetes: a randomized controlled feasibility trial. BMJ Open. 2024;14(5):e075554. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075554
CGM participants had a higher percentage of time in range.
Participants wore the CGM on average 63.8% of the time.
No significant change in HbA1c levels was observed (p=0.11).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Continuous glucose monitoring, Usual care and Fidelity of mHealth intervention, HbA1c, Serious adverse events, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Continuous glucose monitoring
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
3
Related topics
5
Evidence pairs
503
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Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
Save evidence
Evidence topic
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Continuous glucose monitoring → Fidelity of mHealth intervention
Continuous glucose monitoring → Fidelity of mHealth intervention
Continuous glucose monitoring → Serious adverse events
Continuous glucose monitoring → Serious adverse events
Continuous glucose monitoring → Time in range
Continuous glucose monitoring → Time in range
Evidence Library
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Insulin Delivery Systems and CGM Time in Range, Insulin Delivery Systems and HbA1c.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Devices & Technology
Devices & Technology
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies measuring CGM Time in Range
Measures CGM Time in Range as a key outcome.
All studies on Insulin Delivery Systems
Contributes to Insulin Delivery Systems evidence base.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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6 results
7 results
6 results
6 results
7 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Insulin Delivery Systems may improve CGM Time in Range.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Time in range
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 83.4 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 17 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Insulin Delivery Systems appears to improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 83.3 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 13 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Usual care may improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Continuous glucose monitoring appears to improve Fidelity of mHealth intervention.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Fidelity of mHealth intervention
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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