Last updated July 12, 2026
Key finding
HbA1c showed a statistically significant reduction, decreasing from 7.70 ± 1.10% to 7.45 ± 0.91% following the intervention (p = 0.003).
Multidisciplinary hybrid education integrated with continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
Multidisciplinary hybrid education integrated with continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes.
This study evaluated Multidisciplinary hybrid education integrated with continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes.
Limitations were not clearly described in the extracted text.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Carmen AR, Ana P, Ana C, et al. A Multidisciplinary Hybrid Education Model Integrated with Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. Healthcare. 2026;14(2):198. doi:10.3390/healthcare14020198
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Continuous glucose monitoring and Change in Clarke score, HbA1c, Mean glucose levels measured during the intervention, and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Continuous glucose monitoring
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
3
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
503
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Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
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Evidence relationship
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Continuous glucose monitoring → Change in Clarke score
Continuous glucose monitoring → Change in Clarke score
Continuous glucose monitoring → Mean glucose levels measured during the intervention
Continuous glucose monitoring → Mean glucose levels measured during the intervention
Continuous glucose monitoring → Quality of life
Continuous glucose monitoring → Quality of life
Continuous glucose monitoring → Time in range
Continuous glucose monitoring → Time in range
Continuous glucose monitoring → Treatment satisfaction
Continuous glucose monitoring → Treatment satisfaction
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Insulin Delivery Systems and CGM Time in Range, Insulin Delivery Systems and HbA1c.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Devices & Technology
Devices & Technology
Devices & Technology
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies measuring CGM Time in Range
Measures CGM Time in Range as a key outcome.
All studies on Insulin Delivery Systems
Contributes to Insulin Delivery Systems evidence base.
All studies measuring Quality of Life Outcomes
Measures Quality of Life Outcomes as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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6 results
7 results
6 results
6 results
7 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Insulin Delivery Systems may improve CGM Time in Range.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Time in range
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 83.4 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 17 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Insulin Delivery Systems may improve Quality of Life Outcomes.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Quality of life
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 5 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Insulin Delivery Systems appears to improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 83.3 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 13 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Insulin Delivery Systems appears to improve Treatment Experience.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Treatment satisfaction
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a small number of supporting studies and should be interpreted cautiously.
Limitations
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