Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
RT-CGM improves glucose control in adults with T2D
Last updated August 22, 2026
Key finding
HbA1c decreased by 0.67 ± 0.82%
This study evaluated the impact of real-time continuous glucose monitoring and offline-blinded glucose monitoring on blood glucose control in participants. Results indicated reductions in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the impact of real-time continuous glucose monitoring and offline-blinded glucose monitoring on blood glucose control in participants. Results indicated reductions in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels.
Clinical relevance
Improving adherence to lifestyle interventions is crucial for diabetes management. The findings highlight the potential of glucose monitoring technologies to enhance patient outcomes, which can lead to better long-term health and reduced complications associated with diabetes.
Keep in mind
Insufficient power to achieve statistical significance for some outcomes Potential biases in self-reported adherence Limited generalizability due to specific population characteristics
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Penelope JT, Campbell HT, Natalie DL, Thomas PW, Gary W, Grant DB. Optimising patient adherence to prescribed lifestyle interventions to achieve improved blood glucose control. Diabetes Therapy. 2019;10(2):509-522. doi:10.1007/s13300-019-0572-z
Main Effects
HbA1c decreased by 0.67 ± 0.82%
Fasting plasma glucose decreased by 1.2 ± 1.9 mmol/L
Body weight decreased by 7.4 ± 4.5 kg
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Continuous glucose monitoring, Self-monitoring of blood glucose and Body weight, Diabetes medication use change, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), and 4 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Continuous glucose monitoring
Primary outcomes
- Body weight
- Diabetes medication use change
- Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Primary intervention
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
10
Evidence pairs
10
Relationships
5
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 68
5
Related topics
10
Evidence pairs
1169
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 10 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 4 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Insulin Delivery Systems and HbA1c
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
Insulin Delivery Systems and Fasting Glucose
Save evidence
Evidence relationship
Insulin Delivery Systems and Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Diabetes medication use change
Continuous glucose monitoring → Diabetes medication use change
Continuous glucose monitoring → Diabetes medication use change
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerFasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Continuous glucose monitoring → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Continuous glucose monitoring → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerGlycaemic variability (CONGA-1)
Continuous glucose monitoring → Glycaemic variability (CONGA-1)
Continuous glucose monitoring → Glycaemic variability (CONGA-1)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 86
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 88
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 88
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 8 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerLDL cholesterol
Continuous glucose monitoring → LDL cholesterol
Continuous glucose monitoring → LDL cholesterol
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerTriglycerides
Continuous glucose monitoring → Triglycerides
Continuous glucose monitoring → Triglycerides
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerBody weight
Self-monitoring of blood glucose → Body weight
Self-monitoring of blood glucose → Body weight
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerFasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Self-monitoring of blood glucose → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Self-monitoring of blood glucose → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 3 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 58
- Slightly Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 3 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
Build your evidence library
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Evidence Suggest
- HbA1c levels decreased by 0.67% with real-time monitoring.
- Fasting plasma glucose decreased by 1.2 mmol/L.
- Body weight reduced by 7.4 kg on average.
Who this applies to
- Adults with type 2 diabetes
- Individuals seeking to improve blood glucose control
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to all diabetes populations.
- Further studies are needed to confirm findings.
- Self-reported adherence may not reflect actual behavior.
Between the Lines
- Insufficient power to achieve statistical significance for some outcomes
- Potential biases in self-reported adherence
- Limited generalizability due to specific population characteristics
Evidence Library
Build your evidence library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Insulin Delivery Systems and HbA1c, Self-monitoring of blood glucose and HbA1c.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Devices & Technology
Insulin Delivery Systems → HbA1c
Devices & Technology
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 86
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 88
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 88
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 8 studies
View evidenceDevices & Technology
Self-monitoring of blood glucose → HbA1c
Devices & Technology
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 3 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 58
- Slightly Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 3 studies
View evidenceDevices & Technology
Insulin Delivery Systems → Body Weight
Devices & Technology
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
HbA1c Evidence Hub
All studies measuring HbA1c
8 studies
outcome_hubMeasures HbA1c as a key outcome.
Insulin Delivery Systems Evidence Hub
All studies on Insulin Delivery Systems
8 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Insulin Delivery Systems evidence base.
Self-monitoring of blood glucose Evidence Hub
All studies on Self-monitoring of blood glucose
3 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Self-monitoring of blood glucose evidence base.
Body Weight Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Body Weight
2 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Body Weight as a key outcome.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on Continuous glucose monitoring and HbA1c
Intervention: Continuous glucose monitoringOutcome: HbA1c
8 results
All studies on Self-monitoring of blood glucose and HbA1c
Intervention: Self-monitoring of blood glucoseOutcome: HbA1c
3 results
All studies on Continuous glucose monitoring
Intervention: Continuous glucose monitoring
8 results
All studies on Self-monitoring of blood glucose
Intervention: Self-monitoring of blood glucose
3 results
All studies measuring HbA1c
Outcome: HbA1c
8 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Insulin Delivery Systems improve HbA1c?
Strong Evidence
Insulin Delivery Systems appears to improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 85.5 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 14 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Insulin Delivery Systems improve fasting glucose?
Strong Evidence
Insulin Delivery Systems may improve Fasting Glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 5 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Insulin Delivery Systems affect body weight?
Moderate Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Insulin Delivery Systems for Body Weight.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Body weight
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Only a small number of supporting studies are available.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Insulin Delivery Systems improve adipokine and angiogenic markers?
Moderate Evidence
Insulin Delivery Systems appears to improve Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
LDL cholesterol
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
- 2
Triglycerides
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a small number of supporting studies and should be interpreted cautiously.
Limitations
- Only a small number of supporting studies are available.
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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Evidence topics
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