Last updated August 18, 2026
Key finding
EPO treatment was associated with a significant reduction in errors in the most complex reaction time task (−4.7 (−8.1 to −1.3), p = 0.01).
To study if treatment with erythropoietin (EPO) enhances cognitive function during hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes and hypoglycemia unawareness.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
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Study focus
To study if treatment with erythropoietin (EPO) enhances cognitive function during hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes and hypoglycemia unawareness.
To study if treatment with erythropoietin (EPO) enhances cognitive function during hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes and hypoglycemia unawareness.
Limitations were not clearly described in the extracted text.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Erythropoietin Treatment and Cognitive Function During Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes. 2013.
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Erythropoietin and Complex reaction time (sustained attention task), Complex reaction time task errors, Counter-regulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Erythropoietin
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
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1
Related topics
4
Evidence pairs
25
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Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence topic
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Intervention
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Erythropoietin → Complex reaction time (sustained attention task)
Erythropoietin → Complex reaction time (sustained attention task)
Erythropoietin → Complex reaction time task errors
Erythropoietin → Complex reaction time task errors
Erythropoietin → Counter-regulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia
Erythropoietin → Counter-regulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia
Erythropoietin → Hypoglycemia symptom score
Erythropoietin → Hypoglycemia symptom score
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Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on DPP-4 Inhibitors and Counter-regulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia, DPP-4 Inhibitors and Cognitive Performance.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Medications
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Cognitive Performance
Measures Cognitive Performance as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Counter-regulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia
Measures Counter-regulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia as a key outcome.
All studies on DPP-4 Inhibitors
Contributes to DPP-4 Inhibitors evidence base.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
DPP-4 Inhibitors appear to improve cognitive performance.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Complex reaction time (sustained attention task)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Complex reaction time task errors
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear effect of Erythropoietin on counter-regulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Counter-regulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear effect of Erythropoietin on hypoglycemia symptom score.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Hypoglycemia symptom score
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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