Last updated September 4, 2026
Key finding
Mean postprandial glycaemia during the first month (mg/dl), mean (SD) 113.94 (8.13) 109.52 (6.36) p = 0.011
This study evaluated the efficacy of flash glucose monitoring versus self-monitoring of blood glucose in managing gestational diabetes mellitus, finding significant differences in postprandial glycaemia and fetal macrosomia incidence.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Extended (5–20+ y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the efficacy of flash glucose monitoring versus self-monitoring of blood glucose in managing gestational diabetes mellitus, finding significant differences in postprandial glycaemia and fetal macrosomia incidence.
These findings are clinically significant as they suggest that flash glucose monitoring may provide better management of gestational diabetes, potentially leading to improved maternal and fetal outcomes. By reducing postprandial glycaemia and the risk of fetal macrosomia, FGM could enhance the quality of care for pregnant women with diabetes, ultimately benefiting both mothers and their infants.
The study did not find significant differences in fasting glycaemia or HbA1c levels. There was no significant difference in qualification for insulin therapy between the groups. The sample size and generalizability of the findings may be limited.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Agata M, Paweł JS, Jacek T, et al. Efficacy of Flash Glucose Monitoring in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Acta Diabetologica. 2023;60(9):1171-1177. doi:10.1007/s00592-023-02091-2
The study group significantly reduced postprandial glycaemia by -4.42 mg/dl (p = 0.034).
Delta mean fasting glycaemia was significantly reduced by -0.69 mg/dl in the study group (p = 0.027).
Incidence of fetal macrosomia was significantly higher in the SMBG group compared to the FGM group (OR 5.63).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use, Self-monitoring of blood glucose and Delta mean fasting glycaemia, Glycemic control comparison to commercial AID systems, HbA1c, and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
1
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
603
Related studies
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Save studies and evidence pages, organize your personal Evidence Tracker, and keep the research you care about in one place.
Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use → Delta mean fasting glycaemia
Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use → Delta mean fasting glycaemia
Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use → Glycemic control comparison to commercial AID systems
Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use → Glycemic control comparison to commercial AID systems
Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use → Mean fasting glycaemia
Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use → Mean fasting glycaemia
Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use → Qualification to insulin therapy
Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use → Qualification to insulin therapy
Self-monitoring of blood glucose → Incidence of macrosomia
Self-monitoring of blood glucose → Incidence of macrosomia
Evidence Library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Evidence Library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Self-monitoring of blood glucose and HbA1c, Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use and HbA1c.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Devices & Technology
Devices & Technology
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies on Self-monitoring of blood glucose
Contributes to Self-monitoring of blood glucose evidence base.
All studies on Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use
Contributes to Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use evidence base.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
4 results
3 results
4 results
3 results
4 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use may lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use appears to improve delta mean fasting glycaemia.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Delta mean fasting glycaemia
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use appears to improve glycemic control comparison to commercial aid systems.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Glycemic control comparison to commercial AID systems
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use for mean fasting glycaemia.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Mean fasting glycaemia
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Next steps
Choose a next path through related evidence topics, Evidence Explorer views, and research summaries.
Open broader Evidence Explorer views for this relationship.
Read related research summaries.
Focused on evidence, not advertising.
Your data is always protected.
New studies added every day.
