Last updated September 12, 2026
Key finding
LA reservoir strain increased from 30.7 ± 9.3% to 33.9 ± 9.7%, p = 0.011
This study investigated the effects of Liraglutide and Empagliflozin on left atrial function in individuals with type 2 diabetes, finding significant improvements in left atrial reservoir strain.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study investigated the effects of Liraglutide and Empagliflozin on left atrial function in individuals with type 2 diabetes, finding significant improvements in left atrial reservoir strain.
Improving left atrial function is crucial for patients with type 2 diabetes, as it can reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications. The findings suggest that Liraglutide and Empagliflozin may offer beneficial effects beyond glycemic control, potentially leading to better heart health outcomes in this population.
Study population may not be representative of all type 2 diabetes patients Limited follow-up duration to assess long-term effects Potential confounding factors not fully controlled
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Konstantinos K, John T, Foteini K, et al. Effects of Liraglutide and Empagliflozin on Left Atrial Function in Type 2 Diabetes. Medicina. 2024;60(3):395. doi:10.3390/medicina60030395
LA reservoir strain increased from 30.7% to 33.9%, p = 0.011
PWV decreased from 11.54 m/s to 11.05 m/s, p = 0.032
Central SBP decreased from 130.8 mmHg to 119.2 mmHg, p = 0.045
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Basal insulin, Combination of Liraglutide and Empagliflozin, Empagliflozin, and 1 more and Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia, HbA1c, Left atrial reservoir strain (LASr_ED), and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Basal insulin
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
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Evidence pairs
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Basal insulin → Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia
Basal insulin → Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia
Basal insulin → Left atrial reservoir strain (LASr_ED)
Basal insulin → Left atrial reservoir strain (LASr_ED)
Basal insulin → Systolic blood pressure
Basal insulin → Systolic blood pressure
Combination of Liraglutide and Empagliflozin → Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia
Combination of Liraglutide and Empagliflozin → Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia
Combination of Liraglutide and Empagliflozin → HbA1c
Combination of Liraglutide and Empagliflozin → HbA1c
Combination of Liraglutide and Empagliflozin → Left atrial reservoir strain (LASr_ED)
Combination of Liraglutide and Empagliflozin → Left atrial reservoir strain (LASr_ED)
Combination of Liraglutide and Empagliflozin → Systolic blood pressure
Combination of Liraglutide and Empagliflozin → Systolic blood pressure
Empagliflozin → Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia
Empagliflozin → Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia
Empagliflozin → Left atrial reservoir strain (LASr_ED)
Empagliflozin → Left atrial reservoir strain (LASr_ED)
Empagliflozin → Systolic blood pressure
Empagliflozin → Systolic blood pressure
Liraglutide → Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia
Liraglutide → Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia
Liraglutide → Left atrial reservoir strain (LASr_ED)
Liraglutide → Left atrial reservoir strain (LASr_ED)
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on SGLT2 Inhibitors and HbA1c, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and HbA1c.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Medications
Medications
Medications
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies on SGLT2 Inhibitors
Contributes to SGLT2 Inhibitors evidence base.
All studies on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Contributes to GLP-1 Receptor Agonists evidence base.
All studies measuring Blood Pressure
Measures Blood Pressure as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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10 results
7 results
10 results
7 results
10 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Insulin Therapies may lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 78.7 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 18 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists appear to lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 84.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 43 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
SGLT2 Inhibitors may lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 84.9 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 27 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
SGLT2 Inhibitors may improve blood pressure.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Systolic blood pressure
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 9 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
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