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Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™

Flash Glucose Monitoring Improves Glycaemic Control in Youth

Powered by the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework

Last updated July 12, 2026

Key finding

HbA1c decreased when using FGM versus SMBG (difference -0.44% (4.8 mmol/mol); p=0.006).

This study evaluated the impact of Flash Glucose Monitoring (FGM) on glycaemic control in youth with Type 1 Diabetes in India, finding significant reductions in HbA1c levels compared to self-monitoring.

Quick read

Study at a glance

The essential study design details in one scan.

EvidenceScore™

Moderate

Study type

RCTs

Follow-up

Long-Term (1–5 y)

Risk of bias

Some Concerns

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Plain-language summary

What this paper says

A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.

Study focus

This study evaluated the impact of Flash Glucose Monitoring (FGM) on glycaemic control in youth with Type 1 Diabetes in India, finding significant reductions in HbA1c levels compared to self-monitoring.

Clinical relevance

Improving glycaemic control is crucial in managing Type 1 Diabetes, as it reduces the risk of long-term complications. This study suggests that FGM could be a more effective tool for monitoring blood glucose in youth, potentially leading to better health outcomes and quality of life for these patients.

Keep in mind

The study's sample size may limit generalizability. Long-term effects beyond 12 months were not assessed. Potential biases in self-reported data from participants.

Published in

Journal Reference

Publication details and source links for this paper.

Mahira S, Steven J, Cecile E, et al. Improving Glycaemic Outcomes with Flash Glucose Monitoring in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes in India. BMJ Paediatrics Open. 2026;10(1):e004606. doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2026-004606

View DOIView on PubMedView on PMC

Main Effects

FGM reduced HbA1c by -0.44% compared to SMBG (p=0.006).

In the FGM→SMBG group, HbA1c decreased from 8.6% to 7.9% at 3 months (p<0.05).

HbA1c remained unchanged at 9 and 12 months after crossover to SMBG.

Evidence network

How this study fits

Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.

Evidence Context

This study contributes evidence to Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use, Self-monitoring of blood glucose and HbA1c.

This study contributes evidence to

Intervention

Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use

Outcome

HbA1c

Evidence topic

HbA1c Reduction

Primary intervention

Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use

Primary outcomes

  • HbA1c

Evidence topics

HbA1c Reduction

Primary intervention

Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use

Primary outcomes

HbA1c

Evidence relationships

Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.

2
Evidence pairs
2
Relationships
1
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence

Editorial context

Why this study matters

See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.

Evidence network role

This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.

Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 55

1

Related topics

2

Evidence pairs

603

Related studies

High relevance in at least one topic

Why it is useful

  • Contributes to 2 evidence relationships
  • Includes primary outcome data
  • Linked to 1 direct semantic evidence topic

Topic contributions

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

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Primary evidence

Evidence topic

HbA1c Reduction

matched_outcome

Core evidence

Study findings

The primary outcomes reported in this study.

HbA1c

Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use → HbA1c

Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use → HbA1c

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Strong
Score 79 · Based on 3 studies
ImpactScore™
67
Slightly Positive
ConsistencyScore™
100
consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 3 studies
Add to Evidence Tracker

HbA1c

Self-monitoring of blood glucose → HbA1c

Self-monitoring of blood glucose → HbA1c

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Strong
Score 79 · Based on 4 studies
ImpactScore™
69
Positive
ConsistencyScore™
35
mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 4 studies
Add to Evidence Tracker

Evidence Library

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evidence suggest

Evidence Suggest

  • FGM led to a significant HbA1c reduction of -0.44% (p=0.006).
  • At 3 months, HbA1c decreased to 7.9% in the FGM group (p<0.05).
  • No significant change in HbA1c after crossover to SMBG at 9 and 12 months.
who this applies

Who this applies to

  • Youth aged 12-18 with Type 1 Diabetes.
  • Participants residing in India.
keep in mind

Keep in Mind

  • Results may not be applicable to adults or other populations.
  • The study did not include long-term follow-up beyond 12 months.
  • Differences in diabetes management practices across regions may affect outcomes.
between the lines

Between the Lines

  • The study's sample size may limit generalizability.
  • Long-term effects beyond 12 months were not assessed.
  • Potential biases in self-reported data from participants.

Evidence Library

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Connected Evidence

Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.

Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.

Powered by the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework

This study contributes to evidence on Self-monitoring of blood glucose and HbA1c, Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use and HbA1c.

Related evidence relationships

Explore in Evidence Explorer

This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.

Questions answered by this study

Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.

Does Self-monitoring of blood glucose lower HbA1c?

Strong Evidence

Self-monitoring of blood glucose may lower HbA1c.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.

Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    HbA1c

    EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
View Full Evidence

Does Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use lower HbA1c?

Strong Evidence

Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use may lower HbA1c.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    HbA1c

    EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
View Full Evidence
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Next steps

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Evidence topics

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HbA1c Reduction Evidence Hub

Explore in Evidence Explorer

Open broader Evidence Explorer views for this relationship.

All studies on Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use and HbA1cAll studies on Self-monitoring of blood glucose and HbA1c

Related research

Read related research summaries.

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