Last updated September 9, 2026
Key finding
Food insecurity did not moderate the group by time interaction for self-efficacy for healthy eating (p ≥ .05)
This study examined the impact of a GDM risk reduction educational intervention on healthy eating behaviors among American Indian and Alaska Native adolescents, revealing mixed results.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study examined the impact of a GDM risk reduction educational intervention on healthy eating behaviors among American Indian and Alaska Native adolescents, revealing mixed results.
Understanding the relationship between food insecurity and eating behaviors is crucial for developing effective interventions. This study highlights the need for tailored approaches that consider the unique challenges faced by American Indian and Alaska Native adolescents, ensuring that educational programs address both dietary habits and socioeconomic factors.
The effectiveness of the intervention remains unclear for several outcomes. The study's sample may not be representative of all American Indian and Alaska Native adolescents. Limited data on long-term sustainability of behavior changes.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Sarah AS, Luciana EH, Denise C, Lisa S, Kelly RM, Susan MS. Food Insecurity and Healthy Eating Behaviors Among American Indian and Alaska Native Adolescents. Translational Behavioral Medicine. 2023;13(9):645-665. doi:10.1093/tbm/ibad029
The intervention group increased their vegetable intake (p = .022).
The intervention group increased their fruit intake (p = .015).
Food insecurity moderated the interaction for days eating breakfast (p = .012).
Food insecurity moderated the interaction for times drinking soda (p = .004).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to GDM risk reduction educational intervention and Consumption of vegetables, Days eating breakfast, Healthy eating self-efficacy, and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
GDM risk reduction educational intervention
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
0
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
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Related studies
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
GDM risk reduction educational intervention → Consumption of vegetables
GDM risk reduction educational intervention → Consumption of vegetables
GDM risk reduction educational intervention → Days eating breakfast
GDM risk reduction educational intervention → Days eating breakfast
GDM risk reduction educational intervention → Healthy eating self-efficacy
GDM risk reduction educational intervention → Healthy eating self-efficacy
GDM risk reduction educational intervention → Limiting snacking between meals
GDM risk reduction educational intervention → Limiting snacking between meals
GDM risk reduction educational intervention → Times drinking soda
GDM risk reduction educational intervention → Times drinking soda
GDM risk reduction educational intervention → Times eating fruit
GDM risk reduction educational intervention → Times eating fruit
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on GDM risk reduction educational intervention and Consumption of vegetables, GDM risk reduction educational intervention and Days eating breakfast.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Consumption of vegetables
Measures Consumption of vegetables as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Days eating breakfast
Measures Days eating breakfast as a key outcome.
All studies on GDM risk reduction educational intervention
Contributes to GDM risk reduction educational intervention evidence base.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
GDM risk reduction educational intervention appears to improve consumption of vegetables.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Consumption of vegetables
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
GDM risk reduction educational intervention appears to improve times eating fruit.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Times eating fruit
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of GDM risk reduction educational intervention for days eating breakfast.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Days eating breakfast
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of GDM risk reduction educational intervention for healthy eating self-efficacy.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Healthy eating self-efficacy
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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