Last updated July 12, 2026
Key finding
HbA1c decreased by 1.4% in the rtCGM group compared to a decrease of 0.6% in the control group.
Glunovo probiotic added to metformin in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
Glunovo probiotic added to metformin in adults with type 2 diabetes.
This study evaluated Glunovo probiotic added to metformin in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Limitations were not clearly described in the extracted text.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Elisa L, Vincenzo C, Alessandra G, et al. The use of the Glunovo rtCGM system significantly improved glycemic control and patient satisfaction compared to self-monitoring blood glucose. Journal of the Endocrine Society. 2026;10(2):bvaf165. doi:10.1210/jendso/bvaf165
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Glunovo rtCGM system and Glucose management indicator (GMI), HbA1c, Time above range, and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Glunovo rtCGM system
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
2
Related topics
5
Evidence pairs
376
Related studies
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Save studies and evidence pages, organize your personal Evidence Tracker, and keep the research you care about in one place.
Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
Save evidence
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Glunovo rtCGM system → Glucose management indicator (GMI)
Glunovo rtCGM system → Glucose management indicator (GMI)
Glunovo rtCGM system → Treatment satisfaction
Glunovo rtCGM system → Treatment satisfaction
Evidence Library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Evidence Library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Glunovo rtCGM system and Glucose management indicator (GMI), Glunovo rtCGM system and HbA1c.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Devices & Technology
Devices & Technology
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Glucose management indicator (GMI)
Measures Glucose management indicator (GMI) as a key outcome.
All studies on Glunovo rtCGM system
Contributes to Glunovo rtCGM system evidence base.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Glunovo rtCGM system appears to improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Glunovo rtCGM system appears to improve Time in range.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Time in range
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Glunovo rtCGM system for Glucose management indicator (GMI).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Glucose management indicator (GMI)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Glunovo rtCGM system for Time above range.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Time above range
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Next steps
Choose a next path through related evidence topics, Evidence Explorer views, and research summaries.
Follow the topics this study contributes to.
Open broader Evidence Explorer views for this relationship.
Read related research summaries.
Focused on evidence, not advertising.
Your data is always protected.
New studies added every day.
