Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Artificial pancreas may improve glucose control in type 1 diabetes
Last updated August 18, 2026
Key finding
HCL had a lower mean blood glucose of 6.93 ± 0.99 mmol/L compared to MDI's 8.03 ± 2.17 mmol/L.
Android‐HCL therapy compared to insulin multi‐injection therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
Android‐HCL therapy compared to insulin multi‐injection therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Clinical relevance
This study evaluated Android‐HCL therapy compared to insulin multi‐injection therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Keep in mind
Limitations were not clearly described in the extracted text.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Shaohua L, Pin L, Haosi L, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Artificial Pancreas in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Case Reports in Endocrinology. 2026;2026. doi:10.1155/crie/8925266
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Hybrid closed-loop system, Insulin therapy and Blood glucose, Hypoglycemia events, Time above range, and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Hybrid closed-loop system
Primary outcomes
- Blood glucose
- Hypoglycemia events
- Time above range
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
10
Evidence pairs
10
Relationships
4
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 72
4
Related topics
10
Evidence pairs
534
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 10 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 4 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Insulin Delivery Systems and CGM Time in Range
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
Insulin Therapies and Fasting Glucose
Save evidence
Evidence relationship
Insulin Therapies and CGM Time in Range
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Hypoglycemia events
Hybrid closed-loop system → Hypoglycemia events
Hybrid closed-loop system → Hypoglycemia events
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 4 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 4 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerTime above range
Hybrid closed-loop system → Time above range
Hybrid closed-loop system → Time above range
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 78
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 83
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 3 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerTime below range
Hybrid closed-loop system → Time below range
Hybrid closed-loop system → Time below range
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 86
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 83
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 86
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 9 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 77
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 67
- Slightly Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 3 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 3 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 67
- Slightly Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 3 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 77
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 63
- Slightly Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 4 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Insulin Delivery Systems and CGM Time in Range, Insulin Delivery Systems and Hypoglycemia.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Devices & Technology
Insulin Delivery Systems → CGM Time in Range
Devices & Technology
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 86
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 83
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 86
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 9 studies
View evidenceDevices & Technology
Insulin Delivery Systems → Hypoglycemia
Devices & Technology
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 4 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 4 studies
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
CGM Time in Range Evidence Hub
All studies measuring CGM Time in Range
9 studies
outcome_hubMeasures CGM Time in Range as a key outcome.
Insulin Delivery Systems Evidence Hub
All studies on Insulin Delivery Systems
9 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Insulin Delivery Systems evidence base.
Hypoglycemia Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Hypoglycemia
4 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Hypoglycemia as a key outcome.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on Hybrid closed-loop system and Time in range
Intervention: Hybrid closed-loop systemOutcome: Time in range
9 results
All studies on Hybrid closed-loop system and Hypoglycemia events
Intervention: Hybrid closed-loop systemOutcome: Hypoglycemia events
4 results
All studies on Hybrid closed-loop system
Intervention: Hybrid closed-loop system
9 results
All studies measuring Time in range
Outcome: Time in range
9 results
All studies measuring Hypoglycemia events
Outcome: Hypoglycemia events
4 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Insulin Delivery Systems improve cgm time in range?
Strong Evidence
Insulin Delivery Systems may improve CGM Time in Range.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Time in range
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 85.9 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
- 2
Time above range
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 78.3 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
- 3
Time below range
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 17 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Insulin Therapies improve fasting glucose?
Strong Evidence
Insulin Therapies may improve Fasting Glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Blood glucose
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 77.4 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 8 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Insulin Therapies improve cgm time in range?
Strong Evidence
Insulin Therapies may improve CGM Time in Range.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Time below range
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 84.9 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
- 2
Time in range
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 77.4 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
- 3
Time above range
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 9 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Insulin Delivery Systems affect hypoglycemia?
Strong Evidence
Insulin Delivery Systems may improve Hypoglycemia.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Hypoglycemia events
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 7 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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