StrongIncrease
Diabetes knowledge
Glow app for type 2 diabetes education → Diabetes knowledge
Glow app for type 2 diabetes education → Diabetes knowledge
Evidence profile
StrongIncreaseAdherence & Engagement
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Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Health education apps improve diabetes management
Key finding
WellFeet introduced tracking tools and gamified elements leading to higher user satisfaction compared to Glow.
This study evaluated two health education apps for diabetes management, finding varying levels of user satisfaction and knowledge improvement.
Evidence strength
Moderate confidence
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Some Concerns bias
Last updated July 8, 2026Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
Population
Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64), Male, Female, Asia-Pacific (APAC), with T2 Diabetes
Intervention
Glow app for type 2 diabetes education, WellFeet app for foot care and self-care
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Primary outcome
User satisfaction with Glow app
Evidence
Moderate confidence
Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated two health education apps for diabetes management, finding varying levels of user satisfaction and knowledge improvement.
Clinical relevance
Improving diabetes management through effective educational tools is crucial for enhancing patient outcomes. The findings suggest that incorporating engaging elements in health apps can lead to better user satisfaction and knowledge retention, which may ultimately improve self-management behaviors in individuals with diabetes.
Keep in mind
The effectiveness of both interventions was deemed unclear. Low retention rates in the Glow app may have affected results. The study's sample size and diversity were not specified.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Anita P, Josip C, Andy HYH. Development and evaluation of two health education apps for diabetes management. mHealth. 2026;12:8. doi:10.21037/mhealth-25-60
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Main Effects
User satisfaction with the Glow app was low, prompting the need for a better notification system.
The WellFeet app led to higher user satisfaction due to its tracking tools and gamified elements.
Participants reported improved diabetes knowledge after using the Glow app.
Users experienced enhanced foot care knowledge after utilizing the WellFeet app.
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Glow app for type 2 diabetes education, Mobile app for diabetes self-management and Diabetes knowledge, Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APP, Patient-reported foot care improvement at 6 months.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Glow app for type 2 diabetes education
Primary outcomes
- Diabetes knowledge
- Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APP
- Patient-reported foot care improvement at 6 months
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
4
Evidence pairs
4
Relationships
0
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 54
0
Related topics
4
Evidence pairs
0
Related studies
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 4 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 0 direct semantic evidence topics
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
NoneNo Change
Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APP
Glow app for type 2 diabetes education → Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APP
Glow app for type 2 diabetes education → Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APP
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangePatient-Reported
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StrongIncrease
Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APP
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APP
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APP
Evidence profile
StrongIncreasePatient-Reported
Unlock full evidence details
StrongIncrease
Patient-reported foot care improvement at 6 months
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → Patient-reported foot care improvement at 6 months
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → Patient-reported foot care improvement at 6 months
Evidence profile
StrongIncreasePatient-Reported
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Evidence Suggest
- User satisfaction with WellFeet increased due to gamified features.
- Glow app users reported a 1-point increase in diabetes knowledge.
- WellFeet users experienced a 1-point increase in foot care knowledge.
Who this applies to
- Adults with type 2 diabetes.
- Individuals seeking to improve their diabetes management.
- Patients interested in foot care education.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not be generalizable due to unspecified sample characteristics.
- Retention issues in the Glow app could skew satisfaction data.
- Further research is needed to clarify the effectiveness of both apps.
Between the Lines
- The effectiveness of both interventions was deemed unclear.
- Low retention rates in the Glow app may have affected results.
- The study's sample size and diversity were not specified.
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Glow app for type 2 diabetes education and Diabetes knowledge, Mobile app for diabetes self-management and Patient-reported foot care improvement at 6 months.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ArchiveThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Glow app for type 2 diabetes educationDiabetes knowledge
Behavioral & Lifestyle
1 studies
Detailed evidenceMobile app for diabetes self-managementPatient-reported foot care improvement at 6 months
Behavioral & Lifestyle
1 studies
Detailed evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Diabetes knowledge Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Diabetes knowledge
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Diabetes knowledge as a key outcome.
Glow app for type 2 diabetes education Evidence Hub
All studies on Glow app for type 2 diabetes education
1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Glow app for type 2 diabetes education evidence base.
Mobile app for diabetes self-management Evidence Hub
All studies on Mobile app for diabetes self-management
1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Mobile app for diabetes self-management evidence base.
Patient-reported foot care improvement at 6 months Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Patient-reported foot care improvement at 6 months
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Patient-reported foot care improvement at 6 months as a key outcome.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
Explore more in the evidence archive
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All studies on Glow app for type 2 diabetes education and Diabetes knowledge
Intervention: Glow app for type 2 diabetes educationOutcome: Diabetes knowledge
1 results
All studies on Mobile app for diabetes self-management and Patient-reported foot care improvement at 6 months
Intervention: Mobile app for diabetes self-managementOutcome: Patient-reported foot care improvement at 6 months
1 results
All studies on Glow app for type 2 diabetes education
Intervention: Glow app for type 2 diabetes education
1 results
All studies on Mobile app for diabetes self-management
Intervention: Mobile app for diabetes self-management
1 results
All studies measuring Diabetes knowledge
Outcome: Diabetes knowledge
1 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Glow app for type 2 diabetes education improve diabetes knowledge?
Emerging Evidence
Glow app for type 2 diabetes education appears to improve Diabetes knowledge.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Diabetes knowledge
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 50.5 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Mobile app for diabetes self-management improve participants' satisfaction evaluation of the app?
Emerging Evidence
Mobile app for diabetes self-management appears to improve Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APP.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APP
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 50.5 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Mobile app for diabetes self-management improve patient-reported foot care improvement at 6 months?
Emerging Evidence
Mobile app for diabetes self-management appears to improve Patient-reported foot care improvement at 6 months.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Patient-reported foot care improvement at 6 months
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 50.5 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Glow app for type 2 diabetes education improve participants' satisfaction evaluation of the app?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Glow app for type 2 diabetes education for Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APP.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APP
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 33.0 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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All studies on Mobile app for diabetes self-management and Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APPAll studies on Glow app for type 2 diabetes education and Participants' satisfaction evaluation of the APPAll studies on Glow app for type 2 diabetes education and Diabetes knowledgeAll studies on Mobile app for diabetes self-management and Patient-reported foot care improvement at 6 months
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