Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Mobile Health Technology Improves Patient Activation in Type 2 Diabetes
Last updated August 29, 2026
Key finding
Control group showed significantly greater improvements compared with the intervention group in PAM scores (control mean 7.49, intervention mean 1.77; P =.007)
This feasibility study evaluated the impact of a Mobile Health Care Environment on patient activation and self-management in Type 2 diabetes. Results indicated that the control group had significantly better outcomes in several health measures compared to the intervention group.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Long-Term (1–5 y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This feasibility study evaluated the impact of a Mobile Health Care Environment on patient activation and self-management in Type 2 diabetes. Results indicated that the control group had significantly better outcomes in several health measures compared to the intervention group.
Clinical relevance
Understanding the effectiveness of mobile health interventions is crucial for improving diabetes management. The findings suggest that while mobile health technologies are promising, they may not outperform traditional care methods in enhancing patient activation and clinical outcomes.
Keep in mind
The study's sample size may limit generalizability. Both groups showed improvements, complicating the assessment of the intervention's effectiveness. The intervention's impact on long-term outcomes remains unclear.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Gunther E, Sakib J, Nataliya L, et al. Enhancing Patient Activation and Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes Using Mobile Health Technology: A Feasibility Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020;22(5):e17968. doi:10.2196/17968
Main Effects
Control group showed a significant improvement in Patient Activation Measure scores (mean difference 5.72 points, P = 0.007).
Control group demonstrated a greater reduction in glycated hemoglobin (mean difference -0.42%, P = 0.006).
Control group had a significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mean difference -11.52 mg/dL, P = 0.01).
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Mobile app for diabetes self-management and BMI, Diabetes self-management behaviors, Diastolic blood pressure, and 6 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Mobile app for diabetes self-management
Primary outcomes
- BMI
- Diabetes self-management behaviors
- Diastolic blood pressure
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
9
Evidence pairs
9
Relationships
5
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 68
5
Related topics
9
Evidence pairs
1101
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 9 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 5 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
Diabetes Technology
matched_intervention_and_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
Weight Loss
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Diabetes self-management behaviors
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → Diabetes self-management behaviors
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → Diabetes self-management behaviors
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 83
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 80
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 80
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 5 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerDiastolic blood pressure
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → Diastolic blood pressure
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → Diastolic blood pressure
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 83
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 80
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 80
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 5 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerHDL cholesterol
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → HDL cholesterol
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → HDL cholesterol
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 38
- Slightly Negative
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerPatient Activation
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → Patient Activation
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → Patient Activation
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerSystolic blood pressure
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → Systolic blood pressure
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → Systolic blood pressure
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerVery-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → Very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → Very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerWaist circumference
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → Waist circumference
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → Waist circumference
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
Build your evidence library
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Evidence Suggest
- Control group had a 5.72 point improvement in PAM scores compared to intervention.
- Control group reduced HbA1c by 0.42% more than the intervention group.
- Control group saw a decrease of 11.52 mg/dL in LDL-C compared to the intervention group.
Who this applies to
- Adults diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes.
- Patients seeking to improve self-management of their diabetes.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to populations outside the study's demographic.
- The intervention's effectiveness was not established due to lack of significant improvements.
- Further research is needed to explore long-term impacts of mobile health interventions.
Between the Lines
- The study's sample size may limit generalizability.
- Both groups showed improvements, complicating the assessment of the intervention's effectiveness.
- The intervention's impact on long-term outcomes remains unclear.
Evidence Library
Build your evidence library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Mobile app for diabetes self-management and HbA1c, Mobile app for diabetes self-management and Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → HbA1c
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 83
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 80
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 80
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 5 studies
View evidenceBehavioral & Lifestyle
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 83
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 80
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 80
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 5 studies
View evidenceBehavioral & Lifestyle
Mobile app for diabetes self-management → Blood Pressure
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy
5 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy as a key outcome.
HbA1c Evidence Hub
All studies measuring HbA1c
5 studies
outcome_hubMeasures HbA1c as a key outcome.
Mobile app for diabetes self-management Evidence Hub
All studies on Mobile app for diabetes self-management
5 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Mobile app for diabetes self-management evidence base.
Blood Pressure Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Blood Pressure
2 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Blood Pressure as a key outcome.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on Mobile app for diabetes self-management and HbA1c
Intervention: Mobile app for diabetes self-managementOutcome: HbA1c
5 results
All studies on Mobile app for diabetes self-management and Diabetes self-management behaviors
Intervention: Mobile app for diabetes self-managementOutcome: Diabetes self-management behaviors
5 results
All studies on Mobile app for diabetes self-management
Intervention: Mobile app for diabetes self-management
5 results
All studies measuring HbA1c
Outcome: HbA1c
5 results
All studies measuring Diabetes self-management behaviors
Outcome: Diabetes self-management behaviors
5 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Mobile app for diabetes self-management improve diabetes self-management behaviors?
Strong Evidence
Mobile app for diabetes self-management may improve Diabetes self-management behaviors.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Diabetes self-management behaviors
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 82.7 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Mobile app for diabetes self-management improve HbA1c?
Strong Evidence
Mobile app for diabetes self-management may improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 82.7 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Mobile app for diabetes self-management affect bmi?
Moderate Evidence
Mobile app for diabetes self-management may improve BMI.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
BMI
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Mobile app for diabetes self-management improve diastolic blood pressure?
Moderate Evidence
Mobile app for diabetes self-management may improve Diastolic blood pressure.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Diastolic blood pressure
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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