Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
HTD1801 improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients
Last updated July 18, 2026
Key finding
HbA1c level decreased by 0.7% (p = 0.03)
This study evaluated the effects of Berberine Ursodeoxycholate (HTD1801) on type 2 diabetes management. Results indicated significant reductions in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the effects of Berberine Ursodeoxycholate (HTD1801) on type 2 diabetes management. Results indicated significant reductions in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels.
Clinical relevance
The findings suggest that HTD1801 could be a valuable addition to diabetes management strategies, potentially improving glycemic control for patients with type 2 diabetes. As diabetes prevalence continues to rise, effective treatments that can lower blood sugar levels are crucial for reducing complications associated with the disease.
Keep in mind
Limited sample size may affect generalizability. No long-term follow-up data is available. The effect of HTD1801 on body weight was not statistically significant.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Linong J, Jianhua M, Yujin M, et al. Berberine Ursodeoxycholate (HTD1801) for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Network Open. 2025;8(3):e2462185. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.62185
Main Effects
HTD1801 1000 mg reduced HbA1c by 1.0% (p < 0.001)
HTD1801 500 mg reduced HbA1c by 0.7% (p = 0.03)
HTD1801 1000 mg decreased fasting plasma glucose by 18.4 mg/dL (p = 0.003)
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to HTD1801 1000 mg twice daily, HTD1801 500 mg twice daily and Body weight, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), HbA1c.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
HTD1801 1000 mg twice daily
Primary outcomes
- Body weight
- Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
- HbA1c
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
6
Evidence pairs
6
Relationships
3
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 72
3
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
732
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 6 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 3 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
Glycemic Control
matched_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
HbA1c Reduction
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
HTD1801 1000 mg twice daily → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
HTD1801 1000 mg twice daily → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerFasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
HTD1801 500 mg twice daily → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
HTD1801 500 mg twice daily → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
Build your evidence library
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Evidence Suggest
- HTD1801 1000 mg significantly decreased HbA1c by 1.0%.
- Fasting plasma glucose decreased by 18.4 mg/dL with HTD1801.
- Body weight changes were not statistically significant.
Who this applies to
- Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
- Individuals seeking alternative treatments for diabetes management.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to populations outside the study.
- Further research is needed to confirm long-term effects.
- Variability in individual responses to treatment may occur.
Between the Lines
- Limited sample size may affect generalizability.
- No long-term follow-up data is available.
- The effect of HTD1801 on body weight was not statistically significant.
Evidence Library
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on HTD1801 1000 mg twice daily and Body Weight, HTD1801 1000 mg twice daily and Fasting Glucose.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Medications
HTD1801 1000 mg twice daily → Body Weight
Medications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
View evidenceMedications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Body Weight Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Body Weight
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Body Weight as a key outcome.
Fasting Glucose Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Fasting Glucose
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Fasting Glucose as a key outcome.
HTD1801 1000 mg twice daily Evidence Hub
All studies on HTD1801 1000 mg twice daily
1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to HTD1801 1000 mg twice daily evidence base.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on HTD1801 1000 mg twice daily and Body weight
Intervention: HTD1801 1000 mg twice dailyOutcome: Body weight
1 results
All studies on HTD1801 1000 mg twice daily and Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Intervention: HTD1801 1000 mg twice dailyOutcome: Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
1 results
All studies on HTD1801 1000 mg twice daily
Intervention: HTD1801 1000 mg twice daily
1 results
All studies measuring Body weight
Outcome: Body weight
1 results
All studies measuring Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Outcome: Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
1 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does HTD1801 1000 mg twice daily improve fasting plasma glucose (fpg)?
Emerging Evidence
HTD1801 1000 mg twice daily appears to improve Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does HTD1801 1000 mg twice daily improve HbA1c?
Emerging Evidence
HTD1801 1000 mg twice daily appears to improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does HTD1801 500 mg twice daily improve fasting plasma glucose (fpg)?
Emerging Evidence
HTD1801 500 mg twice daily appears to improve Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does HTD1801 500 mg twice daily improve HbA1c?
Emerging Evidence
HTD1801 500 mg twice daily appears to improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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