Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 4 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 4 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Metformin improves glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Last updated September 9, 2026
Key finding
HbA1c decreased significantly by 0.8% (95% CI: -1.2 to -0.3).
This study evaluated the effectiveness of Metformin as an adjunct to insulin therapy in adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes, finding significant improvements in HbA1c levels compared to placebo.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the effectiveness of Metformin as an adjunct to insulin therapy in adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes, finding significant improvements in HbA1c levels compared to placebo.
Clinical relevance
These findings suggest that Metformin can be a beneficial addition to insulin therapy for managing blood sugar levels in adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. This could lead to better long-term health outcomes and reduced complications associated with poorly controlled diabetes.
Keep in mind
Limited sample size may affect generalizability. Short duration of the study limits long-term conclusions. Potential unmeasured confounders could influence results.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Shruti M, Sukeshini K, Nikhil S, et al. Metformin as an Adjunct to Insulin Therapy in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare. 2024;5:1353279. doi:10.3389/fcdhc.2024.1353279
Main Effects
HbA1c decreased significantly by 0.8% with Metformin (p=0.001).
CGM-based glycemic variability reduced by 6.3 mg/dL with Metformin (p=0.05).
Insulin sensitivity worsened significantly in the placebo group.
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Metformin and BMI, Body weight, CGM-based glycemic variability, and 4 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Metformin
Primary outcomes
- BMI
- Body weight
- CGM-based glycemic variability
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
7
Evidence pairs
7
Relationships
6
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 68
6
Related topics
7
Evidence pairs
1952
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 7 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 6 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Metformin Therapies and Insulin Resistance
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
Metformin Therapies and HbA1c
Save evidence
Evidence relationship
Metformin Therapies and Body Mass Index
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 83
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 70
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 5 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerCGM-based glycemic variability
Metformin → CGM-based glycemic variability
Metformin → CGM-based glycemic variability
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 85
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 88
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 73
- generally_consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 12 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 4 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 4 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
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Evidence Suggest
- Metformin reduced HbA1c by 0.8% compared to placebo.
- CGM-based glycemic variability decreased by 6.3 mg/dL with Metformin.
- Placebo group showed significant weight gain and worsening insulin sensitivity.
Who this applies to
- Adolescents aged 10-19 with Type 1 Diabetes.
- Patients currently on insulin therapy.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to younger children or adults.
- The study's short duration limits understanding of long-term effects.
- Further research is needed to confirm findings in larger populations.
Between the Lines
- Limited sample size may affect generalizability.
- Short duration of the study limits long-term conclusions.
- Potential unmeasured confounders could influence results.
Evidence Library
Build your evidence library
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Metformin Therapies and HbA1c, Metformin Therapies and Body Weight.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Medications
Metformin Therapies → HbA1c
Medications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 85
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 88
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 73
- generally_consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 12 studies
View evidenceMedications
Metformin Therapies → Body Weight
Medications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 83
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 70
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 5 studies
View evidenceMedications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
HbA1c Evidence Hub
All studies measuring HbA1c
12 studies
outcome_hubMeasures HbA1c as a key outcome.
Metformin Therapies Evidence Hub
All studies on Metformin Therapies
12 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Metformin Therapies evidence base.
Body Weight Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Body Weight
5 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Body Weight as a key outcome.
Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
2 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers as a key outcome.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on Metformin and HbA1c
Intervention: MetforminOutcome: HbA1c
12 results
All studies on Metformin and Body weight
Intervention: MetforminOutcome: Body weight
5 results
All studies on Metformin
Intervention: Metformin
12 results
All studies measuring HbA1c
Outcome: HbA1c
12 results
All studies measuring Body weight
Outcome: Body weight
5 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Do Metformin Therapies improve insulin resistance?
Strong Evidence
Metformin Therapies may improve insulin resistance.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Insulin sensitivity
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 9 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Do Metformin Therapies lower HbA1c?
Strong Evidence
Metformin Therapies appear to lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 85.3 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 14 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Do Metformin Therapies affect body mass index?
Strong Evidence
Metformin Therapies may affect body mass index.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
BMI
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 6 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Do Metformin Therapies affect body weight?
Strong Evidence
Metformin Therapies may affect body weight.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Body weight
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 83.1 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 7 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Next steps
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