Last updated June 15, 2026
Key finding
Mean blood glucose was significantly lower in the MTA group compared to the control group.
This study evaluated the effects of mulberry twig alkaloids combined with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion on glycemic variability in type 2 diabetes patients, finding significant improvements in several glycemic metrics.
Quick read
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EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the effects of mulberry twig alkaloids combined with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion on glycemic variability in type 2 diabetes patients, finding significant improvements in several glycemic metrics.
These findings suggest that incorporating mulberry twig alkaloids into treatment regimens for type 2 diabetes may enhance glycemic control and reduce complications associated with blood sugar variability. This could lead to improved patient outcomes and quality of life for those managing diabetes.
The sample size and demographic diversity were not specified. Long-term effects of MTA were not assessed. The study did not include a placebo group.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Yu Z, Yangkui Z. The Effect of Mulberry Twig Alkaloids Combined with Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion on Glycemic Variability in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 2026;32:e951024. doi:10.12659/MSM.951024
Mean blood glucose (MBG) was reduced by 1.18 mmol/L (P < 0.05).
Standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG) decreased by 0.07 mmol/L (P < 0.05).
Time in range (TIR) increased significantly (P < 0.01).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy and Blood glucose, Coefficient of variation, Glucose variability, and 6 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
1
Related topics
9
Evidence pairs
245
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Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy → Blood glucose
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy → Blood glucose
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy → Coefficient of variation
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy → Coefficient of variation
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy → Glucose variability
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy → Glucose variability
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy → Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy → Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy → Mean of daily differences (MODD)
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy → Mean of daily differences (MODD)
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy → Time above range
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy → Time above range
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy → Time below range
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy → Time below range
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy → Time in range
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy → Time in range
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy → Traditional Chinese medicine symptom score
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy → Traditional Chinese medicine symptom score
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Insulin Delivery Systems and CGM Time in Range, Mulberry Therapies and Fasting Glucose.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Devices & Technology
Medications
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring CGM Time in Range
Measures CGM Time in Range as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Fasting Glucose
Measures Fasting Glucose as a key outcome.
All studies on Insulin Delivery Systems
Contributes to Insulin Delivery Systems evidence base.
All studies on Mulberry Therapies
Contributes to Mulberry Therapies evidence base.
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Published within the last 2 years.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Mulberry Therapies appears to improve Fasting Glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Blood glucose
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a small number of supporting studies and should be interpreted cautiously.
Limitations
Mulberry Therapies appears to improve CGM Time in Range.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Time above range
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Time below range
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Time in range
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
Mulberry Therapies appears to improve Glucose Variability.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Coefficient of variation
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Glucose variability
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy appears to improve Traditional Chinese medicine symptom score.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Traditional Chinese medicine symptom score
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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