Research Summary
Mulberry Twig Alkaloids Improve Glycemic Variability in Type 2 Diabetes
Moderate confidence
Low bias
Last updated June 15, 2026Key Takeaway:
This study evaluated the effects of mulberry twig alkaloids combined with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion on glycemic variability in type 2 diabetes patients, finding significant improvements in several glycemic metrics.
Study at a Glance
Participants
Intervention
Mulberry twig alkaloids plus continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
Outcomes
Mean blood glucose, Standard deviation of blood glucose, Coefficient of variation, Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, Mean of daily differences, Time in range, Time above range, Time below range, Traditional Chinese Medicine symptom score
Funding
Non-Industry Sponsored
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Main Effects
Mean blood glucose (MBG) was reduced by 1.18 mmol/L (P < 0.05).
Standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG) decreased by 0.07 mmol/L (P < 0.05).
Time in range (TIR) increased significantly (P < 0.01).
Evidence Summary
| Intervention | Outcome | Measured Change | Study Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
 Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy (Medications) |  Blood glucose (Glycemic Control) | Decrease | Strong |
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy (Medications) | Coefficient of variation (Glycemic Control) | Decrease | Strong |
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy (Medications) | Glucose variability (Glycemic Control) | Decrease | Strong |
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy (Medications) | Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) (Glycemic Control) | Decrease | Strong |
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy (Medications) | Mean of daily differences (MODD) (Glycemic Control) | Decrease | Strong |
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy (Medications) | Time above range (Glycemic Control) | Decrease | Strong |
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy (Medications) | Time below range (Glycemic Control) | Decrease | Strong |
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy (Medications) | Time in range (Glycemic Control) | Increase | Strong |
Insulin pump plus Mulberry twig extract therapy (Medications) |  Traditional Chinese medicine symptom score (Patient-Reported) | Decrease | Strong |
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Evidence Suggest
- MTA reduced mean blood glucose by 1.18 mmol/L (P < 0.001).
- MTA decreased standard deviation of blood glucose by 0.07 mmol/L (P < 0.001).
- MTA significantly improved time in range (P < 0.01).
Who this applies to
- Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
- Patients currently using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not be generalizable to all populations with diabetes.
- Further research is needed to confirm long-term benefits.
- The study's design did not include a placebo control.
Between the Lines
- The sample size and demographic diversity were not specified.
- Long-term effects of MTA were not assessed.
- The study did not include a placebo group.
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Journal Reference
Yu Z, Yangkui Z. The Effect of Mulberry Twig Alkaloids Combined with Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion on Glycemic Variability in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 2026;32:e951024. doi:10.12659/MSM.951024
Connected Evidence
Discover how this study fits into the broader diabetes evidence landscape.
This study contributes to evidence on Insulin Delivery Systems and Glycemic Control, Insulin Delivery Systems and Glycemic Control.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ArchiveThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention–outcome relationships.
Included in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
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outcome_hubMeasures Glycemic Control as a key outcome.
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Questions this evidence helps answer
Key clinical and research questions this study contributes to.
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