Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Glucose variability increases with age in type 2 diabetes patients
Last updated July 13, 2026
Key finding
Higher fasting plasma glucose, higher baseline HbA1c, and higher insulin resistance levels were associated with higher GRI.
This study characterized continuous glucose monitoring data in patients with Type 2 diabetes in China, revealing associations between glycemic metrics and various factors.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
High Risk
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study characterized continuous glucose monitoring data in patients with Type 2 diabetes in China, revealing associations between glycemic metrics and various factors.
Clinical relevance
Understanding how different factors affect glycemic control is crucial for managing Type 2 diabetes. This study highlights the importance of monitoring fasting plasma glucose and insulin resistance, which can guide treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.
Keep in mind
Effectiveness of interventions remains unclear due to lack of significant findings. Study may not be generalizable beyond the Chinese population. Limited sample size may affect the reliability of the results.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Shuzhen B, Chu L, Xiaoling C, et al. Characterization of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in China. Biomedicines. 2025;13(5):1080. doi:10.3390/biomedicines13051080
Main Effects
Higher fasting plasma glucose was associated with an increase in GRI by 12.25 h*mg/dL.
TIR decreased by 0.5% with higher insulin resistance levels.
MAGE increased by 0.5 mmol/L with longer diabetes duration.
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Acarbose and Coefficient of variation, Fasting insulin levels, Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), and 4 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Acarbose
Primary outcomes
- Coefficient of variation
- Fasting insulin levels
- Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
7
Evidence pairs
7
Relationships
2
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 68
2
Related topics
7
Evidence pairs
176
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 7 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 2 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and CGM Time in Range
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and Glucose Variability
Save evidence
Evidence relationship
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and Insulin Resistance
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerMean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
Acarbose → Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
Acarbose → Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerStandard deviation of glucose
Acarbose → Standard deviation of glucose
Acarbose → Standard deviation of glucose
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 38
- Slightly Negative
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
Build your evidence library
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Evidence Suggest
- Higher fasting plasma glucose correlated with a 12.25 h*mg/dL increase in GRI.
- TIR decreased by 0.5% with increased insulin resistance.
- MAGE increased by 0.5 mmol/L with longer diabetes duration.
Who this applies to
- Adults diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes.
- Patients undergoing treatment with metformin.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to populations outside of China.
- Findings are based on observational data, limiting causal inferences.
- Further research is needed to clarify the effectiveness of the interventions.
Between the Lines
- Effectiveness of interventions remains unclear due to lack of significant findings.
- Study may not be generalizable beyond the Chinese population.
- Limited sample size may affect the reliability of the results.
Evidence Library
Build your evidence library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and Glucose Variability, Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and Glucose Variability.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Medications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
View evidenceMedications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Evidence Hub
All studies on Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
2 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors evidence base.
Glucose Variability Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Glucose Variability
2 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Glucose Variability as a key outcome.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on Acarbose and Coefficient of variation
Intervention: AcarboseOutcome: Coefficient of variation
2 results
All studies on Acarbose and Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
Intervention: AcarboseOutcome: Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
2 results
All studies on Acarbose
Intervention: Acarbose
2 results
All studies measuring Coefficient of variation
Outcome: Coefficient of variation
2 results
All studies measuring Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
Outcome: Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
2 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors improve cgm time in range?
Strong Evidence
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors may improve CGM Time in Range.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Time in range
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
- 2
Time below range
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | weak negative | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
- 3
Time above range
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors improve glucose variability?
Strong Evidence
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors may improve Glucose Variability.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
- 2
Coefficient of variation
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 3 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors improve insulin resistance?
Moderate Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for Insulin Resistance.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Fasting insulin levels
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Only a small number of supporting studies are available.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Acarbose improve standard deviation of glucose?
Emerging Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Acarbose for Standard deviation of glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Standard deviation of glucose
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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