Last updated August 22, 2026
Key finding
MEDAS adjusted mean difference = 0.45 (95% CI: 0.01–0.89)
The EIRA Trial evaluated a multicomponent intervention aimed at improving glycemic control in diabetes patients, finding no significant changes in HbA1c levels.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Extended (5–20+ y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
The EIRA Trial evaluated a multicomponent intervention aimed at improving glycemic control in diabetes patients, finding no significant changes in HbA1c levels.
Improving glycemic control is crucial for diabetes management to prevent complications. Although the intervention did not achieve this primary goal, the increase in Mediterranean diet adherence suggests potential for dietary strategies in diabetes care, highlighting the need for further research to explore effective interventions.
Limited sample size may affect generalizability. No significant changes in primary outcomes could limit the perceived effectiveness. Potential unmeasured confounders may influence results.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Francisco R, Sabela C, Fátima M, et al. Effectiveness of a Multicomponent Intervention to Improve Glycemic Control in Patients with Diabetes: The EIRA Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(11):5788. doi:10.3390/ijerph18115788
No statistically significant changes in HbA1c levels (effect size: -0.09%, p=0.327).
Significant improvement in Mediterranean diet adherence (effect size: 0.45 points, p=0.043).
No significant changes in diet quality (effect size: 0.25 points, p=0.392).
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Individual Academic Detailing Visit and Adherence to Mediterranean diet measured using MEDAS-14, HbA1c, Measurement of Smoking Habits, and 4 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Individual Academic Detailing Visit
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
3
Related topics
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Evidence pairs
534
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Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Individual Academic Detailing Visit → Adherence to Mediterranean diet measured using MEDAS-14
Individual Academic Detailing Visit → Adherence to Mediterranean diet measured using MEDAS-14
Individual Academic Detailing Visit → Measurement of Smoking Habits
Individual Academic Detailing Visit → Measurement of Smoking Habits
Individual Academic Detailing Visit → Overall diet quality measured using Nordic Nutrition Recommendation score
Individual Academic Detailing Visit → Overall diet quality measured using Nordic Nutrition Recommendation score
Individual Academic Detailing Visit → Physical activity level (MET-minutes per week)
Individual Academic Detailing Visit → Physical activity level (MET-minutes per week)
Individual Academic Detailing Visit → Quality of life
Individual Academic Detailing Visit → Quality of life
Individual Academic Detailing Visit → Sedentary behavior
Individual Academic Detailing Visit → Sedentary behavior
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Individual Academic Detailing Visit and Adherence to Mediterranean diet measured using MEDAS-14, Individual Academic Detailing Visit and HbA1c.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Adherence to Mediterranean diet measured using MEDAS-14
Measures Adherence to Mediterranean diet measured using MEDAS-14 as a key outcome.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies on Individual Academic Detailing Visit
Contributes to Individual Academic Detailing Visit evidence base.
All studies measuring Overall diet quality measured using Nordic Nutrition Recommendation score
Measures Overall diet quality measured using Nordic Nutrition Recommendation score as a key outcome.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Individual Academic Detailing Visit appears to improve Adherence to Mediterranean diet measured using MEDAS-14.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Adherence to Mediterranean diet measured using MEDAS-14
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Individual Academic Detailing Visit for HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Individual Academic Detailing Visit for Measurement of Smoking Habits.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Measurement of Smoking Habits
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Individual Academic Detailing Visit for Overall diet quality measured using Nordic Nutrition Recommendation score.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Overall diet quality measured using Nordic Nutrition Recommendation score
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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