Last updated August 15, 2026
Key finding
HbA1c decreased by 2.73% in the SJG group versus 1.53% in the control group.
This study evaluated the effects of Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong on glycemic control and exercise self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes, revealing significant improvements in several key metrics.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the effects of Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong on glycemic control and exercise self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes, revealing significant improvements in several key metrics.
Improving glycemic control is crucial for patients with type 2 diabetes to reduce the risk of complications. The significant reductions in HbA1c and blood glucose levels, along with enhanced exercise self-efficacy, indicate that Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong may be a valuable behavioral intervention. This could lead to better long-term health outcomes for patients managing diabetes.
The study design may limit generalizability to broader populations. Sample size and demographic details were not specified. Potential confounding factors were not fully controlled.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Xia Z, Jie-Jie G, Yue-Yuan L, et al. Effects of Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong on Glycemic Control and Exercise Self-Efficacy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Medicine. 2025;104(38):e44572. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000044572
HbA1c decreased by 2.73% in the SJG group versus 1.53% in the control group (p=0.05).
Fasting plasma glucose decreased by 3.28 mmol/L in the SJG group versus 1.18 mmol/L in the control group (p=0.05).
2-hour postprandial blood glucose decreased by 6.05 mmol/L in the SJG group versus 2.03 mmol/L in the control group (p=0.001).
Exercise self-efficacy scores increased by 2.54 points in the SJG group versus 0.68 points in the control group (p=0.001).
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong (SJG) and Exercise self-efficacy, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), HbA1c, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong (SJG)
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
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Primary evidence
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matched_outcome
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong (SJG) → Exercise self-efficacy
Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong (SJG) → Exercise self-efficacy
Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong (SJG) → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong (SJG) → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong (SJG) → Postprandial blood glucose
Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong (SJG) → Postprandial blood glucose
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong (SJG) and Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy, Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong (SJG) and Fasting Glucose.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy
Measures Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Fasting Glucose
Measures Fasting Glucose as a key outcome.
All studies on Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong (SJG)
Contributes to Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong (SJG) evidence base.
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Published within the last 2 years.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong (SJG) appears to improve exercise self-efficacy.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Exercise self-efficacy
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong (SJG) appears to improve fasting plasma glucose (FPG).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong (SJG) appears to lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Sanxiao Jiuzhi Gong (SJG) appears to improve postprandial blood glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Postprandial blood glucose
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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