Clinical Outcomes

Evidence Snapshot

Evidence relationships

Studies reviewed

Interventions evaluated

Strongest evidence area

Finerenone

Top Evidence Areas

Rank	Intervention	Outcome	Effectiveness	Strength	Consistency	Studies
#1	Allium hookeri extract	Glucose incremental area under curve (iAUC)	Neutral	Weak	Unclear	1
#2	Dapagliflozin plus linagliptin combination therapy	Estimated glomerular filtration rate	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#3	Dapagliflozin plus linagliptin combination therapy	Urinary albumin To Creatinine ratio	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#4	DPP 4 inhibitors	Diabetic retinopathy incidence	Moderate Positive	Limited	Mixed	1
#5	Empagliflozin	All Cause mortality	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#6	Exercise therapy	Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#7	Finerenone	Albuminuria	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#8	Finerenone	Cardiovascular events	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#9	Finerenone	Composite kidney outcomes	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#10	Finerenone	Hospitalization rate	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1

Rank #1

Glucose incremental area under curve (iAUC)

Allium hookeri extract

Effectiveness

Neutral

Strength

Weak

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #2

Estimated glomerular filtration rate

Dapagliflozin plus linagliptin combination therapy

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #3

Urinary albumin To Creatinine ratio

Dapagliflozin plus linagliptin combination therapy

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #4

Diabetic retinopathy incidence

DPP 4 inhibitors

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Mixed

Studies

Rank #5

All Cause mortality

Empagliflozin

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #6

Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence

Exercise therapy

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #7

Albuminuria

Finerenone

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #8

Cardiovascular events

Finerenone

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #9

Composite kidney outcomes

Finerenone

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #10

Hospitalization rate

Finerenone

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Practical Questions

Which interventions are most often studied for Clinical Outcomes?

most studied

Based on 12 evidence relationships across 12 studies

Outcomes:

AlbuminuriaCardiovascular eventsComposite kidney outcomesHospitalization rateBalance performance+3 more

Interventions:

FinerenoneMotor Cognitive balance exerciseSingle Task balance training

Which interventions need more research for Clinical Outcomes?

research gaps

Based on 3 evidence relationships across 3 studies

Outcomes:

Glucose incremental area under curve (iAUC)Estimated glomerular filtration rateUrinary albumin To Creatinine ratio

Interventions:

Allium hookeri extractDapagliflozin plus linagliptin combination therapy

How does Finerenone compare with Finerenone for Clinical Outcomes?

compare

Based on 2 evidence relationships across 2 studies

Outcomes:

AlbuminuriaCardiovascular events

Interventions:

Finerenone

Evidence Landscape

Evidence landscape

Each bubble represents an evidence relationship. Position shows effectiveness and strength; size reflects study volume.

Limited evidence

Promising

Reliable

High impact

Lower Evidence Strength→Higher Evidence Strength

Lower Effectiveness→Higher Effectiveness

Explore by Intervention

Intervention	Pairs	Research	Avg Strength
Allium hookeri extract	1	1	33
Dapagliflozin plus linagliptin combination therapy	2	1	40
DPP 4 inhibitors	1	1	48
Empagliflozin	1	1	49
Exercise therapy	1	1	45
Finerenone	4	1	52
Insulin degludec	1	1	44
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program	2	1	31
Mediterranean diet	1	1	47
Motor Cognitive balance exercise	4	1	44
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT)	1	1	44
Single Task balance training	4	1	44
Telephone counseling	1	1	45
Vegetables First eating pattern	2	1	47

Latest Research

Dapagliflozin plus linagliptin may improve time in range in T2D

Study Type: cohortPublished: 30 de mayo de 2026

int-dapagliflozin-linagliptin-combination

out-estimated-glomerular-filtration-rateout-urinary-albumin-to-creatinine-ratio

Team-based diabetes care may improve blood sugar, blood pressure, and albuminuria

Study Type: non-randomized-clinical-trial-non-rctPublished: 29 de mayo de 2026

int-integrated-multidisciplinary-diabetes-kidney-care

out-albuminuriaout-estimated-glomerular-filtration-rate

Photobiomodulation shows small periodontal benefits but mixed systemic effects in type 2 diabetes

Study Type: systematic-reviewPublished: 26 de mayo de 2026

int-photobiomodulation-therapy

out-clinical-attachment-level

Mediterranean diet reduces gestational diabetes risk by 40% in Hispanic women

Study Type: randomized-controlled-trials-rctsPublished: 16 de mayo de 2026

int-mediterranean-diet

out-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-incidence

Eating vegetables first may reduce risk of diabetic eye and kidney damage

Study Type: cross-sectionalPublished: 16 de mayo de 2026

int-vegetables-first-eating-pattern

out-diabetic-retinopathy-incidenceout-nephropathy-progression

Finerenone reduces cardiovascular and kidney disease risk in type 2 diabetes

Study Type: systematic-reviewPublished: 16 de mayo de 2026

int-finerenone

out-albuminuriaout-cardiovascular-events

DPP-4 inhibitors show no clear effect on diabetic eye disease risk

Study Type: systematic-reviewPublished: 16 de mayo de 2026

int-dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitors

out-diabetic-retinopathy-incidence

Allium hookeri extract reduces HbA1c levels in prediabetic adults

Study Type: randomized-controlled-trials-rctsPublished: 16 de mayo de 2026

int-allium-hookeri-extract

out-glucose-iauc-ogtt

Early insulin degludec with IV insulin infusion speeds DKA resolution by 3.25 hours without increasing hypoglycaemia risk

Study Type: randomized-controlled-trials-rctsPublished: 13 de mayo de 2026

int-insulin-degludec

out-all-cause-mortality

Telephone-based lifestyle education reduces gestational diabetes risk by 60% in high-risk Iranian women

Study Type: randomized-controlled-trials-rctsPublished: 7 de mayo de 2026

int-telephone-counseling

out-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-incidence

Full Evidence Table

Showing 26 of 26 evidence pairs

Intervention	Outcome	Effectiveness	Strength	Consistency	Studies
Allium hookeri extract	Glucose incremental area under curve (iAUC)	Neutral	Weak	Unclear	1
Dapagliflozin plus linagliptin combination therapy	Estimated glomerular filtration rate	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Dapagliflozin plus linagliptin combination therapy	Urinary albumin To Creatinine ratio	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
DPP 4 inhibitors	Diabetic retinopathy incidence	Moderate Positive	Limited	Mixed	1
Empagliflozin	All Cause mortality	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Exercise therapy	Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Finerenone	Albuminuria	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Finerenone	Cardiovascular events	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Finerenone	Composite kidney outcomes	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Finerenone	Hospitalization rate	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Insulin degludec	All Cause mortality	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program	Albuminuria	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program	Estimated glomerular filtration rate	Moderate Negative	Weak	Unclear	1
Mediterranean diet	Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence	Moderate Positive	Limited	Consistent	1
Motor Cognitive balance exercise	Balance performance	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Motor Cognitive balance exercise	Cognitive function	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Motor Cognitive balance exercise	Functional mobility	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Motor Cognitive balance exercise	Motor Cognitive dual Task performance	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT)	Clinical attachment level (CAL)	Moderate Positive	Limited	Consistent	1
Single Task balance training	Balance performance	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Single Task balance training	Cognitive function	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Single Task balance training	Functional mobility	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Single Task balance training	Motor Cognitive dual Task performance	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Telephone counseling	Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Vegetables First eating pattern	Diabetic retinopathy incidence	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Vegetables First eating pattern	Nephropathy progression	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1

Intervention → Outcome

Allium hookeri extract → Glucose incremental area under curve (iAUC)

Effectiveness

Neutral

Strength

Weak

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Dapagliflozin plus linagliptin combination therapy → Estimated glomerular filtration rate

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Dapagliflozin plus linagliptin combination therapy → Urinary albumin To Creatinine ratio

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

DPP 4 inhibitors → Diabetic retinopathy incidence

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Mixed

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Empagliflozin → All Cause mortality

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Exercise therapy → Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Finerenone → Albuminuria

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Finerenone → Cardiovascular events

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Finerenone → Composite kidney outcomes

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Finerenone → Hospitalization rate

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Insulin degludec → All Cause mortality

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program → Albuminuria

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program → Estimated glomerular filtration rate

Effectiveness

Moderate Negative

Strength

Weak

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Mediterranean diet → Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Consistent

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Motor Cognitive balance exercise → Balance performance

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Motor Cognitive balance exercise → Cognitive function

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Motor Cognitive balance exercise → Functional mobility

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Motor Cognitive balance exercise → Motor Cognitive dual Task performance

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) → Clinical attachment level (CAL)

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Consistent

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Single Task balance training → Balance performance

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Single Task balance training → Cognitive function

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Single Task balance training → Functional mobility

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Single Task balance training → Motor Cognitive dual Task performance

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Telephone counseling → Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Vegetables First eating pattern → Diabetic retinopathy incidence

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Vegetables First eating pattern → Nephropathy progression

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies