Clinical Outcomes

Last updated: 12 de septiembre de 2026

Key takeaway

Clinical Outcomes has evidence across 10 diabetes-related interventions, with strongest support for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs, SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.

Evidence status
Extensive Research
Evidence Base: 81/100

Related Evidence Topics

Evidence Intelligence™

Every evidence topic is generated from structured relationships across diabetes research, including topics, interventions, outcomes, and individual studies.

1,695
Evidence relationships
1,849
Studies reviewed
20
Interventions evaluated
Strongest evidence area
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs

Top Evidence Areas

Showing grouped evidence. Expand in Evidence Explorer for detailed intervention-outcome pairs.Open Evidence Explorer

#1 Diabetes Incidence and Prevention

Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs → Diabetes Incidence and Prevention

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
85
Strong
ImpactScore™
78
Positive
ConsistencyScore™
80
consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 5 estudios
Explore evidence

#2 Kidney Function

SGLT2 Inhibitors → Kidney Function

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
85
Strong
ImpactScore™
71
Positive
ConsistencyScore™
80
consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 12 estudios
Explore evidence

#3 Cardiovascular Outcomes

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists → Cardiovascular Outcomes

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
83
Strong
ImpactScore™
64
Slightly Positive
ConsistencyScore™
75
consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 13 estudios
Explore evidence

#4 Sleep Outcomes

Insulin Delivery Systems → Sleep Outcomes

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
83
Strong
ImpactScore™
55
Slightly Positive
ConsistencyScore™
60
generally_consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 5 estudios
Explore evidence

#5 Cardiovascular Outcomes

Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs → Cardiovascular Outcomes

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Strong
Score 79 · Based on 4 studies
ImpactScore™
88
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
67
generally_consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 4 estudios
Explore evidence

#6 Cardiovascular Outcomes

SGLT2 Inhibitors → Cardiovascular Outcomes

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Strong
Score 79 · Based on 4 studies
ImpactScore™
75
Positive
ConsistencyScore™
35
mixed
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 4 estudios
Explore evidence

#7 Kidney Function

DPP-4 Inhibitors → Kidney Function

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Strong
Score 79 · Based on 3 studies
ImpactScore™
83
Positive
ConsistencyScore™
100
consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 3 estudios
Explore evidence

#8 Cardiovascular Outcomes

Glycemic Control Treatments → Cardiovascular Outcomes

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Strong
Score 79 · Based on 3 studies
ImpactScore™
67
Slightly Positive
ConsistencyScore™
35
mixed
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 3 estudios
Explore evidence

#9 Kidney Function

Insulin Therapies → Kidney Function

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Strong
Score 79 · Based on 3 studies
ImpactScore™
58
Slightly Positive
ConsistencyScore™
35
mixed
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 3 estudios
Explore evidence

#10 Diabetes Incidence and Prevention

Metformin Therapies → Diabetes Incidence and Prevention

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Strong
Score 79 · Based on 3 studies
ImpactScore™
83
Positive
ConsistencyScore™
67
generally_consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 3 estudios
Explore evidence

Practical Questions

Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.

Which interventions have the strongest evidence for affecting Clinical Outcomes?

evidence strength
Strong Evidence

Non-surgical periodontal treatment have the strongest available evidence signals for Clinical Outcomes.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.

Evidence caveat: The evidence includes both beneficial and harmful or worsening results.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Non-surgical periodontal treatment

    EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 84.3 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 15 studies

Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.

15 supporting studies14 RCTs

Which interventions are most often studied for Clinical Outcomes?

most studied
Emerging Evidence

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes, Liraglutide, and Semaglutide are among the most studied areas in relation to Clinical Outcomes.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Evidence caveat: The evidence includes both beneficial and harmful or worsening results.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes

    EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 87.9 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 23 studies

  2. 2

    Semaglutide

    EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 83.2 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 20 studies

  3. 3

    Liraglutide

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 14 studies

Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.

55 supporting studies54 RCTs

Where are results mixed or inconsistent for Clinical Outcomes?

consistency issues
Moderate Evidence

Results are mixed or unclear for Aerobic exercise, Complex lifestyle intervention, and Continuous glucose monitoring in relation to Clinical Outcomes.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.

Evidence caveat: The evidence includes both beneficial and harmful or worsening results.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes

    EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 87.9 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 10 studies

  2. 2

    SRP + OHI

    EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 4 studies

  3. 3

    Semaglutide

    EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | weak negative | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 10 studies

Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.

52 supporting studies52 RCTs

Which interventions need more research for Clinical Outcomes?

research gaps
Emerging Evidence

1 g omega-3 fatty acids daily need more research in relation to Clinical Outcomes.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    1 g omega-3 fatty acids daily

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study1 RCT

How does Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes compare with Non-surgical periodontal treatment for Clinical Outcomes?

compare
Strong Evidence

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes and Non-surgical periodontal treatment have available evidence for Clinical Outcomes, but the comparison requires review of the underlying studies.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.

Evidence caveat: The evidence includes both beneficial and harmful or worsening results.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes

    EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 87.9 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 8 studies

  2. 2

    Non-surgical periodontal treatment

    EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 84.3 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 13 studies

Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.

21 supporting studies20 RCTs

Latest Research

Exercise training improves cognitive function and balance in type 2 diabetes

Published: 6 de abril de 2026
int-motor-cognitive-balance-exerciseint-single-task-balance-training
out-functional-mobilityout-motor-cognitive-dual-task-performance

Corticosteroids may help manage cytokine release syndrome during teplizumab therapy

Published: 1 de marzo de 2026
int-teplizumab
out-insulin-requirements

Canagliflozin improves myocardial fibrosis in type 2 diabetes

Published: 24 de febrero de 2026
int-canagliflozin
out-catecholamine

Telephone education reduces gestational diabetes risk in high-risk women

Published: 20 de febrero de 2026
int-telephone-counseling
out-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-incidence

Eating Vegetables First May Lower Diabetic Complications

Published: 12 de febrero de 2026
int-vegetables-first-eating-pattern
out-diabetic-nephropathy-incidenceout-diabetic-neuropathy-incidence

Pentoxifylline improves kidney and heart health in diabetic patients

Published: 6 de enero de 2026
int-pentoxifylline
out-albuminuriaout-estimated-glomerular-filtration-rate

One-step OGTT may increase GDM diagnosis without improving outcomes

Published: 1 de enero de 2026
int-one-step-method-75-gm-2-h-ogttint-two-step-method-50-gm-gct-followed-by-100-gm-ogtt
out-caesarean-section-rateout-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-incidence

Curcuma longa extract improves neuropathy symptoms in type 2 diabetes

Published: 1 de enero de 2026
int-curcuma-longa-extract-cle
out-hyaluronic-acid-haout-matrix-metalloproteinase-2-mmp-2

Exercise program improves function in older adults with diabetes.

Published: 1 de enero de 2026
int-supervised-multicomponent-exercise-mceint-usual-lifestyle-care
out-4-m-gait-speedout-five-times-sit-to-stand-test

HIIT Improves Glucose Control in Diabetic Neuropathy Patients

Published: 1 de enero de 2026
int-high-intensity-interval-training-hiitint-moderate-continuous-exercise
out-berg-balance-scaleout-motor-nerve-conduction-velocity-mcv

Evidence Landscape

Evidence landscape

Each bubble represents an evidence relationship. Position shows effectiveness and EvidenceScoreâ„¢; size reflects study volume.

  • Strong evidence
  • Moderate evidence
  • Limited evidence

Evidence Workspace

Create your evidence workspace

Save evidence topics and organize the research that matters to you.