#1 Kidney Function
SGLT2 Inhibitors → Kidney Function
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 85
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 66
- Slightly Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 75
- consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 10 estudios
Explore evidenceClinical Outcomes
Last updated: 29 de agosto de 2026
Key takeaway
Clinical Outcomes has evidence across 10 diabetes-related interventions, with strongest support for SGLT2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Insulin Delivery Systems.
Evidence status
Extensive ResearchEvidence Base: 81/100
Related Evidence Topics
Evidence Intelligence™
Every evidence topic is generated from structured relationships across diabetes research, including topics, interventions, outcomes, and individual studies.
1,127
Evidence relationships
1,251
Studies reviewed
19
Interventions evaluated
Strongest evidence area
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Top Evidence Areas
Showing grouped evidence. Expand in Evidence Explorer for detailed intervention-outcome pairs.Open Evidence Explorer
| Rank | Intervention group | Outcome group | EvidenceScore™ | ImpactScore™ | Consistency | Studies | Effectiveness | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #1 | SGLT2 Inhibitors | Kidney Function | 85/100Strong | 66/100Slightly Positive | 75/100consistent | 10 | weak_positive | Explore evidence |
| #2 | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | Cardiovascular Outcomes | 84/100Strong | 66/100Slightly Positive | 35/100mixed | 12 | weak_positive | Explore evidence |
| #3 | Insulin Delivery Systems | Sleep Outcomes | 83/100Strong | 55/100Slightly Positive | 60/100generally_consistent | 5 | weak_positive | Explore evidence |
| #4 | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Cardiovascular Outcomes | Strong | 88/100Very Positive | 67/100generally_consistent | 4 | strong_positive | Explore evidence |
| #5 | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Diabetes Incidence and Prevention | Strong | 76/100Positive | 75/100consistent | 4 | moderate_positive | Explore evidence |
| #6 | SGLT2 Inhibitors | Cardiovascular Outcomes | Strong | 75/100Positive | 35/100mixed | 4 | moderate_positive | Explore evidence |
| #7 | Glycemic Control Treatments | Cardiovascular Outcomes | Strong | 67/100Slightly Positive | 35/100mixed | 3 | weak_positive | Explore evidence |
| #8 | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | Kidney Function | 78/100Strong | 68/100Positive | 35/100mixed | 5 | moderate_positive | Explore evidence |
| #9 | Aerobic Exercise | Sleep Outcomes | Moderate | 75/100Positive | 35/100mixed | 2 | moderate_positive | Explore evidence |
| #10 | DPP-4 Inhibitors | Kidney Function | Moderate | 100/100Very Positive | 35/100mixed | 2 | strong_positive | Explore evidence |
#2 Cardiovascular Outcomes
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists → Cardiovascular Outcomes
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 84
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 66
- Slightly Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 12 estudios
Explore evidence#3 Sleep Outcomes
Insulin Delivery Systems → Sleep Outcomes
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 83
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 55
- Slightly Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 60
- generally_consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 5 estudios
Explore evidence#4 Cardiovascular Outcomes
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs → Cardiovascular Outcomes
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 4 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 88
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 67
- generally_consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 4 estudios
Explore evidence#5 Diabetes Incidence and Prevention
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs → Diabetes Incidence and Prevention
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 4 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 76
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 75
- consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 4 estudios
Explore evidence#6 Cardiovascular Outcomes
SGLT2 Inhibitors → Cardiovascular Outcomes
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 4 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 4 estudios
Explore evidence#7 Cardiovascular Outcomes
Glycemic Control Treatments → Cardiovascular Outcomes
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 3 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 67
- Slightly Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 3 estudios
Explore evidence#8 Kidney Function
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists → Kidney Function
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 78
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 68
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 5 estudios
Explore evidence#9 Sleep Outcomes
Aerobic Exercise → Sleep Outcomes
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 2 estudios
Explore evidence#10 Kidney Function
DPP-4 Inhibitors → Kidney Function
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 2 estudios
Explore evidencePractical Questions
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
Which interventions have the strongest evidence for affecting Clinical Outcomes?
evidence strengthStrong Evidence
Non-surgical periodontal treatment have the strongest available evidence signals for Clinical Outcomes.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Evidence caveat: The evidence includes both beneficial and harmful or worsening results.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Non-surgical periodontal treatment
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 84.3 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 15 studies
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Which interventions are most often studied for Clinical Outcomes?
most studiedEmerging Evidence
Mediterranean diet, Semaglutide, and Vitamin D supplementation are among the most studied areas in relation to Clinical Outcomes.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Semaglutide
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 83.2 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 17 studies
- 2
Mediterranean diet
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 12 studies
- 3
Vitamin D supplementation
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 13 studies
Why this answer: This answer is based on 42 supporting studies and existing graph evidence signals.
Limitations
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Where are results mixed or inconsistent for Clinical Outcomes?
consistency issuesModerate Evidence
Results are mixed or unclear for Complex lifestyle intervention, Continuous glucose monitoring, and Dapagliflozin in relation to Clinical Outcomes.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Evidence caveat: The evidence includes both beneficial and harmful or worsening results.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Semaglutide
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 82.9 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 11 studies
- 2
SRP + OHI
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 4 studies
- 3
Complex lifestyle intervention
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 2 studies
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Which interventions need more research for Clinical Outcomes?
research gapsEmerging Evidence
10 kHz Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) and 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution (DQS) need more research in relation to Clinical Outcomes.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
10 kHz Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
- 2
3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution (DQS)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a small number of supporting studies and should be interpreted cautiously.
Limitations
- Only a small number of supporting studies are available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
How does Non-surgical periodontal treatment compare with Non-surgical periodontal treatment for Clinical Outcomes?
compareStrong Evidence
Non-surgical periodontal treatment have available evidence for Clinical Outcomes, but the comparison requires review of the underlying studies.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Evidence caveat: The evidence includes both beneficial and harmful or worsening results.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Non-surgical periodontal treatment
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 84.3 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 13 studies
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Interventions Studied for Clinical Outcomes
Intervention categories most commonly studied for clinical outcomes outcomes.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
EvidenceScore™ 61/100
Evidence related to GLP-1 receptor agonist therapies in diabetes studies.
92 Studies
SGLT2 Inhibitors
EvidenceScore™ 60/100
Evidence related to SGLT2 inhibitor therapies in diabetes studies.
77 Studies
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support
EvidenceScore™ 59/100
Evidence related to diabetes self-management education and support programs in diabetes studies.
64 Studies
DPP-4 Inhibitors
EvidenceScore™ 59/100
Evidence related to DPP-4 inhibitor therapies in diabetes studies.
29 Studies
Liraglutide
EvidenceScore™ 59/100
Evidence related to liraglutide and liraglutide-containing intervention regimens in diabetes studies.
20 Studies
Insulin Therapies
EvidenceScore™ 59/100
Evidence related to insulin therapies in diabetes studies.
14 Studies
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Evidence Landscape
Evidence landscape
Each bubble represents an evidence relationship. Position shows effectiveness and EvidenceScoreâ„¢; size reflects study volume.
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