Home telemedicine may improve HbA1c in older adults with type 2 diabetes
Key Takeaway:
A 6-month randomized trial found that home telemedicine plus Health Belief Model education improved HbA1c and self-management outcomes in older adults with type 2 diabetes.
Study at a Glance
What was studied
A home telemedicine and HBM education program for older adults with type 2 diabetes.
Study Type
Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
duration
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Intervention
Remote Educational Program
Outcomes
HbA1c, Self-management behaviors, Perceived diabetes management competence, Health belief score, Serious adverse events incidence
Funding
Non-Industry Sponsored
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Main Effects
HbA1c ↓ more with telemedicine plus HBM education than with routine community management at 6 months
Diabetes self-management behaviors ↑ in the intervention group compared with control
Self-efficacy and health belief scores ↑ more in the intervention group
Evidence Summary
| Intervention | Outcome | Measured Change | Study Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
 Remote multiprofessional educational program (Behavioral & Lifestyle) |  Diabetes management self-efficacy (Patient-Reported) | Increase | Strong |
Remote multiprofessional educational program (Behavioral & Lifestyle) |  Diabetes self-management behaviors (Adherence & Engagement) | Increase | Strong |
Remote multiprofessional educational program (Behavioral & Lifestyle) |  HbA1c (Glycemic Control) | Decrease | Mixed |
Remote multiprofessional educational program (Behavioral & Lifestyle) | Health belief score (Patient-Reported) | Increase | Strong |
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Evidence Suggest
- Participants were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups, with 99 participants in each group.
- The intervention lasted 6 months and included telemedicine smart devices, glucose monitoring, multidisciplinary feedback, and HBM-based education.
- The intervention group had greater improvements in HbA1c, SDSCA, SED, and HBM scores at 6 months.
Who this applies to
Community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older with type 2 diabetes.
Keep in Mind
This was not a medication trial; the intervention was digital monitoring plus education and care-team support.
Between the Lines
- The trial lasted 6 months, so long-term effects are unknown.
- Participants willing to join may have had higher readiness for digital health tools.
- Several secondary outcomes were questionnaire-based and may be affected by recall bias.
- The care providers delivering the intervention were not blinded.
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Journal Reference
Zhang A, Wang J, Wan X, et al. Community-Based Intelligent Blood Glucose Management for Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Based on the Health Belief Model: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2025;13:e60227. doi:10.2196/60227
Connected Evidence
Discover how this study fits into the broader diabetes evidence landscape.
This study contributes to evidence on DSMES Programs and Health belief score, DSMES Programs and Diabetes Self-Management.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ArchiveThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention–outcome relationships.
Included in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Diabetes Self-Management Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Diabetes Self-Management
Measures Diabetes Self-Management as a key outcome.
DSMES Programs Evidence Hub
All studies on DSMES Programs
Contributes to DSMES Programs evidence base.
Health belief score Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Health belief score
Measures Health belief score as a key outcome.
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Questions this evidence helps answer
Key clinical and research questions this study contributes to.
Does remote multiprofessional educational program improve Health belief score?
Based on connected evidence for Remote multiprofessional educational program and Health belief score.
Does remote multiprofessional educational program affect Diabetes management self-efficacy in people with diabetes?
Exploring evidence on Remote multiprofessional educational program and Diabetes management self-efficacy outcomes.
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