Last updated May 29, 2026
Key finding
In 355 people with type 2 diabetes and early diabetic kidney disease, a multidisciplinary care program was linked with improved HbA1c, blood pressure, lipids, and albuminuria.
This Taiwan study reviewed outcomes after people with type 2 diabetes and early diabetic kidney disease joined an integrated care program. The program included education, exercise support, diet counseling, multimedia tools, and team follow-up. Several markers improved from baseline, but the study had no concurrent comparison group.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Low
Study type
non-randomized clinical trial (non-RCT or NRCT)
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
High Risk
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
In 355 people with type 2 diabetes and early diabetic kidney disease, a multidisciplinary care program was linked with improved HbA1c, blood pressure, lipids, and albuminuria.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Lo WC, Huang YJ, Tasi YL, Chen JF, Mai HC, Hung YL, Chio YH, Chen CY, Ou YL, Chen SC. Analysis of the association of multidisciplinary team care and education intervention in patients with early-stage diabetic kidney disease in Taiwan. Endocr J. 2026;73(4):517-527. doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej25-0418
↓ HbA1c decreased from 7.51% to 7.10%
↓ Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased from baseline
↓ Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and albuminuria decreased
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program and Albuminuria, Diastolic blood pressure, Estimated glomerular filtration rate, and 5 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
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Related topics
8
Evidence pairs
325
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Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
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Evidence relationship
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program → Albuminuria
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program → Albuminuria
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program → Diastolic blood pressure
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program → Diastolic blood pressure
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program → Estimated glomerular filtration rate
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program → Estimated glomerular filtration rate
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program → HbA1c
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program → HbA1c
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program → HDL cholesterol
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program → HDL cholesterol
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program → LDL cholesterol
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program → LDL cholesterol
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program → Systolic blood pressure
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program → Systolic blood pressure
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program → Total cholesterol
Integrated multidisciplinary diabetes and kidney care program → Total cholesterol
Evidence Library
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Adults with type 2 diabetes and early-stage diabetic kidney disease
The study shows before-and-after changes, not definitive cause-and-effect evidence
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Kidney Function, Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Blood Pressure.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
Measures Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Blood Pressure
Measures Blood Pressure as a key outcome.
All studies on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
Contributes to Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs evidence base.
All studies measuring Kidney Function
Measures Kidney Function as a key outcome.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 54.5 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 30 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve Blood Pressure.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Diastolic blood pressure
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 54.5 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Systolic blood pressure
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 54.5 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 5 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HDL cholesterol
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 54.5 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
LDL cholesterol
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 54.5 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Total cholesterol
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 54.5 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 7 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs for Kidney Function.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Estimated glomerular filtration rate
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 54.5 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Albuminuria
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 54.5 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a small number of supporting studies and should be interpreted cautiously.
Limitations
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