Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Canagliflozin with metformin reduces cardiovascular risk in T2DM
Last updated July 6, 2026
Key finding
The incidence of MACE in the observation group (5.17%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (12.93%).
This study evaluated the effects of canagliflozin combined with metformin on cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, finding a significant reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Long-Term (1–5 y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the effects of canagliflozin combined with metformin on cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, finding a significant reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events.
Clinical relevance
These findings are crucial as they suggest that combining canagliflozin with metformin not only helps manage blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes but also reduces the risk of serious heart problems. This could lead to better long-term health outcomes for patients with diabetes, emphasizing the importance of effective treatment strategies in this population.
Keep in mind
The study's sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings. The long-term effects of the treatment were not assessed. Potential confounding factors were not fully controlled.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Xiaoyu C, Yimin S, Xuebo L. The impact and safety of canagliflozin combined with metformin on reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome. 2024;16:199. doi:10.1186/s13098-024-01438-1
Main Effects
The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was significantly lower in the canagliflozin group (5.17%) compared to the placebo group (12.93%).
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) decreased significantly by 1.09% (p=0.001) from baseline.
Systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased significantly by 6.15 mmHg (p=0.002) from baseline.
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Canagliflozin combined with Metformin, Metformin combined with Placebo and BMI, Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization), Diastolic blood pressure, and 10 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Canagliflozin combined with Metformin
Primary outcomes
- BMI
- Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)
- Diastolic blood pressure
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
13
Evidence pairs
13
Relationships
3
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 68
3
Related topics
13
Evidence pairs
710
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 13 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 3 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
Cardiovascular Risk
matched_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
HbA1c Reduction
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)
Canagliflozin combined with Metformin → Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)
Canagliflozin combined with Metformin → Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerDiastolic blood pressure
Canagliflozin combined with Metformin → Diastolic blood pressure
Canagliflozin combined with Metformin → Diastolic blood pressure
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEstimated glomerular filtration rate
Canagliflozin combined with Metformin → Estimated glomerular filtration rate
Canagliflozin combined with Metformin → Estimated glomerular filtration rate
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerHDL cholesterol
Canagliflozin combined with Metformin → HDL cholesterol
Canagliflozin combined with Metformin → HDL cholesterol
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerLDL cholesterol
Canagliflozin combined with Metformin → LDL cholesterol
Canagliflozin combined with Metformin → LDL cholesterol
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerSystolic blood pressure
Canagliflozin combined with Metformin → Systolic blood pressure
Canagliflozin combined with Metformin → Systolic blood pressure
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerAdverse events incidence
Metformin combined with Placebo → Adverse events incidence
Metformin combined with Placebo → Adverse events incidence
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerAll-cause mortality
Metformin combined with Placebo → All-cause mortality
Metformin combined with Placebo → All-cause mortality
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerHospitalization rate
Metformin combined with Placebo → Hospitalization rate
Metformin combined with Placebo → Hospitalization rate
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerIncidence of non-cardiovascular death
Metformin combined with Placebo → Incidence of non-cardiovascular death
Metformin combined with Placebo → Incidence of non-cardiovascular death
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerIncidence of severe adverse reactions
Metformin combined with Placebo → Incidence of severe adverse reactions
Metformin combined with Placebo → Incidence of severe adverse reactions
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
Build your evidence library
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Evidence Suggest
- Canagliflozin reduced MACE incidence by 7.76 percentage points (p=0.05).
- HbA1c levels decreased significantly by 1.09% (p=0.001).
- SBP decreased significantly by 6.15 mmHg (p=0.002).
Who this applies to
- Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Patients at risk of cardiovascular events due to diabetes.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to populations outside the study sample.
- The study did not include long-term follow-up data.
- Further research is needed to confirm these findings in diverse populations.
Between the Lines
- The study's sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings.
- The long-term effects of the treatment were not assessed.
- Potential confounding factors were not fully controlled.
Evidence Library
Build your evidence library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Canagliflozin combined with Metformin and Body Mass Index, Canagliflozin combined with Metformin and Cardiovascular Outcomes.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Medications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
View evidenceMedications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
View evidenceMedications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Blood Pressure Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Blood Pressure
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Blood Pressure as a key outcome.
Body Mass Index Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Body Mass Index
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Body Mass Index as a key outcome.
Canagliflozin combined with Metformin Evidence Hub
All studies on Canagliflozin combined with Metformin
1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Canagliflozin combined with Metformin evidence base.
Cardiovascular Outcomes Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Cardiovascular Outcomes
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Cardiovascular Outcomes as a key outcome.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on Canagliflozin combined with Metformin and BMI
Intervention: Canagliflozin combined with MetforminOutcome: BMI
1 results
All studies on Canagliflozin combined with Metformin and Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)
Intervention: Canagliflozin combined with MetforminOutcome: Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)
1 results
All studies on Canagliflozin combined with Metformin
Intervention: Canagliflozin combined with Metformin
1 results
All studies measuring BMI
Outcome: BMI
1 results
All studies measuring Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)
Outcome: Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)
1 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Canagliflozin combined with Metformin affect bmi?
Emerging Evidence
Canagliflozin combined with Metformin appears to improve BMI.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
BMI
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Canagliflozin combined with Metformin improve composite cardiovascular events (cv death, mi, stroke, hf hospitalization)?
Emerging Evidence
Canagliflozin combined with Metformin appears to improve Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Canagliflozin combined with Metformin improve diastolic blood pressure?
Emerging Evidence
Canagliflozin combined with Metformin appears to improve Diastolic blood pressure.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Diastolic blood pressure
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Canagliflozin combined with Metformin improve estimated glomerular filtration rate?
Emerging Evidence
Canagliflozin combined with Metformin appears to improve Estimated glomerular filtration rate.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Estimated glomerular filtration rate
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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All studies on Canagliflozin combined with Metformin and Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)All studies on Canagliflozin combined with Metformin and BMIAll studies on Canagliflozin combined with Metformin and Diastolic blood pressureAll studies on Canagliflozin combined with Metformin and Estimated glomerular filtration rate
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