StrongDecrease
Fibrinogen
Exercise therapy → Fibrinogen
Exercise therapy → Fibrinogen
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseClinical Outcomes
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Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Aerobic Exercise and Saffron Improve Insulin Resistance in Obese Women
Key finding
HOMA-IR showed significant reduction in the ST, PT, and SS groups compared to the P group (p < 0.001).
This study investigated the effects of aerobic exercise and saffron supplementation on insulin resistance and inflammation in obese women with type 2 diabetes, finding significant improvements in several health markers.
Evidence strength
Moderate confidence
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Some Concerns bias
Last updated July 3, 2026Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
Population
Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64), Male, Female, Asia-Pacific (APAC), with T2 Diabetes
Intervention
Saffron + Training, Placebo + Training
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Primary outcome
Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)
Comparator
Placebo (P)
Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study investigated the effects of aerobic exercise and saffron supplementation on insulin resistance and inflammation in obese women with type 2 diabetes, finding significant improvements in several health markers.
Clinical relevance
These findings are clinically significant as they suggest that integrating saffron supplementation with aerobic exercise could be an effective strategy for improving metabolic health in obese women with type 2 diabetes. This could lead to better management of diabetes and reduction in related health risks.
Keep in mind
The study's sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings. The long-term effects of saffron supplementation were not assessed. Potential confounding factors were not fully controlled.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Ali R, Ali ANG, Elham M, et al. Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Saffron Supplementation on Hemostasis, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance in Obese Women with Type 2 Diabetes. European Journal of Sport Science. 2024;24(7):899-906. doi:10.1002/ejsc.12125
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Main Effects
HOMA-IR showed significant reduction in saffron plus training, placebo plus training, and saffron supplementation groups compared to placebo (p < 0.001).
Serum glucose levels significantly decreased in saffron plus training, placebo plus training, and saffron supplementation groups compared to placebo (p < 0.001).
Inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 and TNF-alpha significantly reduced in saffron and training groups compared to placebo (p < 0.001).
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Exercise therapy and Fibrinogen, Homocysteine, Insulin resistance, and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Exercise therapy
Primary outcomes
- Fibrinogen
- Homocysteine
- Insulin resistance
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
6
Evidence pairs
6
Relationships
3
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 68
3
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
233
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 6 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 3 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
StrongDecrease
Homocysteine
Exercise therapy → Homocysteine
Exercise therapy → Homocysteine
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseMetabolic Health
Unlock full evidence details
StrongDecrease
Insulin resistance
Exercise therapy → Insulin resistance
Exercise therapy → Insulin resistance
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseMetabolic Health
Unlock full evidence details
StrongDecrease
Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Exercise therapy → Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Exercise therapy → Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseMetabolic Health
Unlock full evidence details
StrongDecrease
Serum Glucose
Exercise therapy → Serum Glucose
Exercise therapy → Serum Glucose
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseGlycemic Control
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StrongDecrease
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)
Exercise therapy → Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)
Exercise therapy → Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseMetabolic Health
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Evidence Suggest
- HOMA-IR decreased by -1.5 index in saffron and training groups (p < 0.001).
- Serum glucose levels decreased by -2 mmol/L in saffron and training groups (p < 0.001).
- Fibrinogen levels decreased by -0.5 g/L in saffron and training groups (p < 0.001).
Who this applies to
- Obese women aged 30-60 with type 2 diabetes.
- Individuals seeking alternative methods to manage diabetes.
- Patients interested in combining dietary supplements with exercise.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to non-obese individuals or men.
- Further research is needed to confirm long-term benefits.
- The study did not explore the effects of saffron alone without exercise.
Between the Lines
- The study's sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings.
- The long-term effects of saffron supplementation were not assessed.
- Potential confounding factors were not fully controlled.
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Exercise therapy and Fibrinogen, Exercise therapy and Homocysteine.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ArchiveThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Included in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Exercise therapy Evidence Hub
All studies on Exercise therapy
1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Exercise therapy evidence base.
Fibrinogen Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Fibrinogen
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Fibrinogen as a key outcome.
Homocysteine Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Homocysteine
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Homocysteine as a key outcome.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
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All studies on Exercise therapy and Fibrinogen
Intervention: Exercise therapyOutcome: Fibrinogen
1 results
All studies on Exercise therapy and Homocysteine
Intervention: Exercise therapyOutcome: Homocysteine
1 results
All studies on Exercise therapy
Intervention: Exercise therapy
1 results
All studies measuring Fibrinogen
Outcome: Fibrinogen
1 results
All studies measuring Homocysteine
Outcome: Homocysteine
1 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Exercise therapy improve fibrinogen?
Emerging Evidence
Exercise therapy appears to improve Fibrinogen.
ConsensusScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Fibrinogen
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 51.7 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Exercise therapy improve homocysteine?
Emerging Evidence
Exercise therapy appears to improve Homocysteine.
ConsensusScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Homocysteine
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 51.7 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Exercise therapy improve insulin resistance?
Emerging Evidence
Exercise therapy appears to improve Insulin resistance.
ConsensusScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Insulin resistance
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 51.7 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Exercise therapy improve interleukin-6 (il-6)?
Emerging Evidence
Exercise therapy appears to improve Interleukin-6 (IL-6).
ConsensusScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 51.7 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Population details are unavailable.
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