Last updated September 2, 2026
Key finding
Mean change from baseline in GFR was 5.95 ml/min per 1.73 m².
The Phase 2 study evaluated bardoxolone methyl in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes, showing a significant increase in GFR compared to placebo.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
High Risk
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
The Phase 2 study evaluated bardoxolone methyl in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes, showing a significant increase in GFR compared to placebo.
Improving kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes is crucial, as it can slow disease progression and reduce the risk of complications. The significant improvement in GFR with bardoxolone methyl suggests potential benefits for managing these patients, although monitoring for adverse effects is essential.
The study's sample size and generalizability may be limited. Potential confounding factors were not fully addressed. Adverse event reporting may not capture all relevant data.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Masaomi N, Hironori K, Hirotaka T, Tomohiro I, Hiroki H, Tadao A. The Phase 2 Study of Bardoxolone Methyl in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes (TSUBAKI). Kidney International Reports. 2020;5(6):879-890. doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2020.03.030
Bardoxolone methyl led to a mean increase in GFR of 5.95 ml/min per 1.73 m².
A significant intergroup difference in GFR of 6.64 ml/min per 1.73 m² was observed (P = 0.008).
Increases in the albumin/creatinine ratio were noted in the bardoxolone methyl group compared to placebo.
The placebo group experienced a mean decrease in GFR of -0.69 ml/min per 1.73 m².
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Bardoxolone methyl and Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), Serious adverse events, Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Bardoxolone methyl
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
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Related topics
3
Evidence pairs
0
Related studies
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Bardoxolone methyl → Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Bardoxolone methyl → Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Bardoxolone methyl → Serious adverse events
Bardoxolone methyl → Serious adverse events
Bardoxolone methyl → Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio
Bardoxolone methyl → Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Bardoxolone methyl and Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), Bardoxolone methyl and Serious adverse events.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Medications
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies on Bardoxolone methyl
Contributes to Bardoxolone methyl evidence base.
All studies measuring Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Measures Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Serious adverse events
Measures Serious adverse events as a key outcome.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Bardoxolone methyl appears to improve glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear effect of Bardoxolone methyl on serious adverse events.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Serious adverse events
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Bardoxolone methyl for urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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