Dediabetes Logo
Questions
Published answers connected to evidence
Clinical Reference
Detailed intervention and outcome dossiers
Latest Research
Newest studies
About
How deDiabetes works
Settings
Login / Sign-up
Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™

Dulaglutide and Dapagliflozin Improve Arterial Stiffness in Diabetes

Powered by the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework

Last updated September 12, 2026

Key finding

PBR decreased from 2.10 ± 0.31 to 1.93 ± 0.23 µm (p < 0.001).

A twelve-month treatment with dulaglutide and dapagliflozin significantly improved arterial stiffness and reduced albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Quick read

Study at a glance

The essential study design details in one scan.

EvidenceScore™

Moderate

Study type

RCTs

Follow-up

Long-Term (1–5 y)

Risk of bias

Some Concerns

Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.

Plain-language summary

What this paper says

A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.

Study focus

A twelve-month treatment with dulaglutide and dapagliflozin significantly improved arterial stiffness and reduced albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Clinical relevance

These findings are clinically significant as they suggest that the combination of dulaglutide and dapagliflozin may offer dual benefits in managing type 2 diabetes, potentially reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications and kidney disease. Improved vascular health and reduced albuminuria can lead to better long-term outcomes for patients.

Keep in mind

The study did not include a placebo group. Sample size and demographic diversity may limit generalizability. Long-term effects beyond twelve months were not assessed.

Published in

Journal Reference

Publication details and source links for this paper.

Emmanouil K, John T, Evangelos O, et al. Twelve-Month Treatment with Dulaglutide and Dapagliflozin Improves Arterial Stiffness and Albuminuria in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024;13(24):7497. doi:10.3390/jcm13247497

View DOIView on PubMedView on PMC

Main Effects

Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) decreased from 2.10 ± 0.31 to 1.93 ± 0.23 µm (p < 0.001).

Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) decreased from 326 ± 61 to 142 ± 47 mg/g (p < 0.01).

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) decreased from 11.77 ± 2.37 to 10.70 ± 2.29 m/s (p < 0.001).

Evidence network

How this study fits

Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.

Evidence Context

This study contributes evidence to Combination of dulaglutide and dapagliflozin, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia, Global longitudinal strain, Reduction in Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) at 12 months, and 2 more.

This study contributes evidence to

Intervention

Combination of dulaglutide and dapagliflozin

Outcome

Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia

Evidence topic

Blood Pressure

Primary intervention

Combination of dulaglutide and dapagliflozin

Primary outcomes

  • Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia
  • Global longitudinal strain
  • Reduction in Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) at 12 months

Evidence topics

Blood PressureDPP-4 Inhibitors

Primary intervention

Combination of dulaglutide and dapagliflozin

Primary outcomes

Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemiaGlobal longitudinal strainReduction in Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) at 12 months

Evidence relationships

Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.

10
Evidence pairs
10
Relationships
2
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence

Editorial context

Why this study matters

See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.

Evidence network role

This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.

Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 64

2

Related topics

10

Evidence pairs

165

Related studies

High relevance in at least one topic

Why it is useful

  • Contributes to 10 evidence relationships
  • Includes primary outcome data
  • Linked to 2 direct semantic evidence topics

Topic contributions

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Add related evidence to your Evidence Tracker

Save studies and evidence pages, organize your personal Evidence Tracker, and keep the research you care about in one place.

Primary evidence

Evidence relationship

DPP-4 Inhibitors and Blood Pressure

Related evidence

Evidence relationship

DPP-4 Inhibitors and Kidney Function

Save evidence

Evidence topic

Blood Pressure

Save evidence

Core evidence

Study findings

The primary outcomes reported in this study.

Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia

Combination of dulaglutide and dapagliflozin → Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia

Combination of dulaglutide and dapagliflozin → Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Global longitudinal strain

Combination of dulaglutide and dapagliflozin → Global longitudinal strain

Combination of dulaglutide and dapagliflozin → Global longitudinal strain

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Reduction in Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) at 12 months

Combination of dulaglutide and dapagliflozin → Reduction in Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) at 12 months

Combination of dulaglutide and dapagliflozin → Reduction in Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) at 12 months

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Systolic blood pressure

Combination of dulaglutide and dapagliflozin → Systolic blood pressure

Combination of dulaglutide and dapagliflozin → Systolic blood pressure

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio

Combination of dulaglutide and dapagliflozin → Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio

Combination of dulaglutide and dapagliflozin → Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors → Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors → Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Global longitudinal strain

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors → Global longitudinal strain

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors → Global longitudinal strain

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Reduction in Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) at 12 months

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors → Reduction in Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) at 12 months

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors → Reduction in Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) at 12 months

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
35
mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence Tracker

Systolic blood pressure

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors → Systolic blood pressure

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors → Systolic blood pressure

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Strong
Score 79 · Based on 3 studies
ImpactScore™
67
Slightly Positive
ConsistencyScore™
67
generally_consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 3 studies
Add to Evidence Tracker

Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors → Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors → Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Evidence Library

Build your evidence library

Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.

evidence suggest

Evidence Suggest

  • PBR decreased significantly, indicating improved vascular function.
  • UACR reduction suggests better kidney health.
  • PWV reduction reflects decreased arterial stiffness.
who this applies

Who this applies to

  • Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
  • Patients experiencing elevated albumin levels in urine.
keep in mind

Keep in Mind

  • Results may not apply to non-diabetic populations.
  • Further studies are needed to confirm long-term benefits.
  • The impact of lifestyle factors on outcomes was not evaluated.
between the lines

Between the Lines

  • The study did not include a placebo group.
  • Sample size and demographic diversity may limit generalizability.
  • Long-term effects beyond twelve months were not assessed.

Evidence Library

Build your evidence library

Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.

Connected Evidence

Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.

Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.

Powered by the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework

This study contributes to evidence on DPP-4 Inhibitors and Blood Pressure, DPP-4 Inhibitors and Reduction in Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) at 12 months.

Related evidence relationships

Explore in Evidence Explorer

This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.

Explore more in Evidence Explorer

Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.

All studies on Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and Systolic blood pressure

Intervention: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitorsOutcome: Systolic blood pressure

3 results

All studies on Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and Reduction in Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) at 12 months

Intervention: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitorsOutcome: Reduction in Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) at 12 months

2 results

All studies on Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors

Intervention: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors

3 results

All studies measuring Systolic blood pressure

Outcome: Systolic blood pressure

3 results

All studies measuring Reduction in Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) at 12 months

Outcome: Reduction in Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) at 12 months

2 results

Questions answered by this study

Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.

Do DPP-4 Inhibitors improve kidney function?

Strong Evidence

DPP-4 Inhibitors may improve kidney function.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on 3 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.

3 supporting studies
View Full Evidence

Do DPP-4 Inhibitors improve blood pressure?

Strong Evidence

Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of DPP-4 Inhibitors for blood pressure.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Systolic blood pressure

    EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on 3 supporting studies and existing graph evidence signals.

3 supporting studies
View Full Evidence

What evidence is available on Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and reduction in perfused boundary region (PBR) at 12 months?

Moderate Evidence

Current evidence does not show a clear reduction in reduction in perfused boundary region (PBR) at 12 months with Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.

Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Reduction in Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) at 12 months

    EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
View Full Evidence

Does Combination of dulaglutide and dapagliflozin improve femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (FAPWV) during acute hyperglycemia?

Emerging Evidence

Combination of dulaglutide and dapagliflozin appears to improve femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (FAPWV) during acute hyperglycemia.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemia

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
View Full Evidence
Learn how Evidence Intelligence™ works

Next steps

Continue your research

Choose a next path through related evidence topics, Evidence Explorer views, and research summaries.

Evidence topics

Follow the topics this study contributes to.

Blood Pressure Evidence HubDPP-4 Inhibitors Evidence Hub

Explore in Evidence Explorer

Open broader Evidence Explorer views for this relationship.

All studies on Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and Systolic blood pressureAll studies on Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and Reduction in Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) at 12 monthsAll studies on Combination of dulaglutide and dapagliflozin and Femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) during acute hyperglycemiaAll studies on Combination of dulaglutide and dapagliflozin and Global longitudinal strain

Related research

Read related research summaries.

Semaglutide improves vascular and liver function in type 2 diabetesLiraglutide and Empagliflozin Improve Heart Function in DiabetesVildagliptin and Metformin Improve Glycemic Control in Type 2 DiabetesVildagliptin improves post-meal glucose control during Ramadan fastingLow-carbohydrate diet improves renal function in obese adults with diabetes.

No ads. No tracking.

Focused on evidence, not advertising.

Secure & private

Your data is always protected.

Always up to date

New studies added every day.