Last updated August 22, 2026
Key finding
The mean difference for the total score was -5 (95% CI -9, -2; P < 0.001) in favor of HCL.
This study evaluated the impact of CamAPS FX hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery on caregivers of very young children with Type 1 Diabetes, finding significant improvements in caregiver well-being and reduced fear of hypoglycemia.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the impact of CamAPS FX hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery on caregivers of very young children with Type 1 Diabetes, finding significant improvements in caregiver well-being and reduced fear of hypoglycemia.
The findings underscore the importance of innovative insulin delivery systems like CamAPS FX in enhancing not only glucose management but also the psychological well-being of caregivers. Improved caregiver mental health can lead to better support for children with Type 1 Diabetes, ultimately influencing treatment adherence and health outcomes.
The study's sample size may limit generalizability. Effectiveness of the interventions remains unclear due to unspecified evidence pairs. The study did not assess long-term outcomes beyond the intervention period.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Carine DB, Ulrike S, Ajay T, et al. Impact of CamAPS FX Hybrid Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery on Caregivers of Very Young Children with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(12):3050-3053. doi:10.2337/dc22-0693
Caregivers reported a significant decrease in hypoglycemia fear survey total score (-5, P < 0.001).
The HFS-behavior subscale score decreased significantly (-2, P = 0.006).
Caregivers experienced a significant increase in well-being scores (+8, P < 0.001).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Hybrid closed-loop system and HFS Behavior Subscale Score, HFS-worry subscale score, Improvement in Well-Being, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Hybrid closed-loop system
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
0
Related topics
4
Evidence pairs
0
Related studies
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Hybrid closed-loop system → HFS Behavior Subscale Score
Hybrid closed-loop system → HFS Behavior Subscale Score
Hybrid closed-loop system → HFS-worry subscale score
Hybrid closed-loop system → HFS-worry subscale score
Hybrid closed-loop system → Improvement in Well-Being
Hybrid closed-loop system → Improvement in Well-Being
Hybrid closed-loop system → Total PHQ-8 score
Hybrid closed-loop system → Total PHQ-8 score
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Insulin Delivery Systems and Improvement in Well-Being, Insulin Delivery Systems and HFS Behavior Subscale Score.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Devices & Technology
Devices & Technology
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Improvement in Well-Being
Measures Improvement in Well-Being as a key outcome.
All studies on Insulin Delivery Systems
Contributes to Insulin Delivery Systems evidence base.
All studies measuring HFS Behavior Subscale Score
Measures HFS Behavior Subscale Score as a key outcome.
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3 results
1 results
3 results
3 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Hybrid closed-loop system may improve improvement in well-being.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Improvement in Well-Being
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Hybrid closed-loop system appears to improve hfs behavior subscale score.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
HFS Behavior Subscale Score
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Hybrid closed-loop system appears to improve hfs-worry subscale score.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
HFS-worry subscale score
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Hybrid closed-loop system appears to improve total phq-8 score.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Total PHQ-8 score
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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