Last updated July 3, 2026
Key finding
The nutraceutical group demonstrated a 5% reduction in 2-h OGTT glucose.
Citrus bioflavonoid-based nutraceutical added to metformin in prediabetic individuals.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
Citrus bioflavonoid-based nutraceutical added to metformin in prediabetic individuals.
This study evaluated Citrus bioflavonoid-based nutraceutical added to metformin in prediabetic individuals.
Limitations were not clearly described in the extracted text.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Thais C, Maria RO, Valeria S, et al. Efficacy of Citrus Bioflavonoids as an Adjunct to Metformin Therapy in Prediabetic Individuals. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2025;12:1639901. doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1639901
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Citrus flavonoid supplementation with metformin and BMI, Body fat mass, Body weight, and 5 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Citrus flavonoid supplementation with metformin
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
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Related topics
8
Evidence pairs
680
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Citrus flavonoid supplementation with metformin → BMI
Citrus flavonoid supplementation with metformin → BMI
Citrus flavonoid supplementation with metformin → Body fat mass
Citrus flavonoid supplementation with metformin → Body fat mass
Citrus flavonoid supplementation with metformin → Body weight
Citrus flavonoid supplementation with metformin → Body weight
Citrus flavonoid supplementation with metformin → GLP-1
Citrus flavonoid supplementation with metformin → GLP-1
Citrus flavonoid supplementation with metformin → Plasma antioxidant capacity (FRAP)
Citrus flavonoid supplementation with metformin → Plasma antioxidant capacity (FRAP)
Citrus flavonoid supplementation with metformin → Postprandial blood glucose
Citrus flavonoid supplementation with metformin → Postprandial blood glucose
Citrus flavonoid supplementation with metformin → Systolic blood pressure
Citrus flavonoid supplementation with metformin → Systolic blood pressure
Citrus flavonoid supplementation with metformin → Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)
Citrus flavonoid supplementation with metformin → Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Metformin Therapies and Body Mass Index, Metformin Therapies and Body Composition.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Supplements
Supplements
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Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Body Composition
Measures Body Composition as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Body Mass Index
Measures Body Mass Index as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Body Weight
Measures Body Weight as a key outcome.
All studies on Metformin Therapies
Contributes to Metformin Therapies evidence base.
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Published within the last 2 years.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Metformin Therapies may improve Postprandial and OGTT Glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Postprandial blood glucose
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 8 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Metformin Therapies appears to improve Body Mass Index.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
BMI
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 5 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Metformin Therapies may improve Body Weight.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Body weight
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 6 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Metformin Therapies appears to improve Body Composition.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Body fat mass
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 4 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
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