NoneNo Change
Extracellular volume
Dapagliflozin → Extracellular volume
Dapagliflozin → Extracellular volume
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
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Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Dapagliflozin reduces IL-1B but does not improve cardiac fibrosis in T2D patients.
Key finding
Plasma IL-1B was reduced (−1.8 pg/mL, P = 0.003)
This study investigated the effects of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients, revealing significant changes in plasma IL-1B and ketones.
Evidence strength
Moderate confidence
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Long-Term (1–5 y)
Some Concerns bias
Last updated July 6, 2026Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
Population
Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64), Male, Female, Asia-Pacific (APAC), with T2 Diabetes
Intervention
Dapagliflozin, Placebo
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Long-Term (1–5 y)
Primary outcome
Plasma IL-1B
Comparator
Placebo
Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study investigated the effects of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients, revealing significant changes in plasma IL-1B and ketones.
Clinical relevance
These findings suggest that dapagliflozin may provide cardiovascular benefits for diabetic patients by reducing inflammation and altering metabolic markers. Understanding these mechanisms could lead to better management strategies for diabetes-related cardiovascular risks.
Keep in mind
Limited to a specific population of diabetic patients. Short follow-up period of 12 months may not capture long-term effects. No significant changes in several cardiovascular metrics.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Dennis DW, Anna VN, Daniel I, et al. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors significantly improve cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients; however, the mechanism is unclear. Cardiovascular Diabetology. 2024;23:197. doi:10.1186/s12933-024-02294-z
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Main Effects
Plasma IL-1B was reduced by −1.8 pg/mL (P = 0.003).
Plasma ketones increased by 0.26 mM (P = 0.0001).
PBMC maximal oxygen consumption rate did not change in the dapagliflozin group.
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Dapagliflozin and Extracellular volume, Global myocardial strain, Plasma IL-1B, and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Dapagliflozin
Primary outcomes
- Extracellular volume
- Global myocardial strain
- Plasma IL-1B
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
5
Evidence pairs
5
Relationships
1
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 59
1
Related topics
5
Evidence pairs
18
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 5 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 1 direct semantic evidence topic
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
NoneNo Change
Global myocardial strain
Dapagliflozin → Global myocardial strain
Dapagliflozin → Global myocardial strain
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
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StrongDecrease
Plasma IL-1B
Dapagliflozin → Plasma IL-1B
Dapagliflozin → Plasma IL-1B
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseMetabolic Health
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StrongIncrease
Plasma ketones
Dapagliflozin → Plasma ketones
Dapagliflozin → Plasma ketones
Evidence profile
StrongIncreaseClinical Outcomes
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NoneNo Change
T2 relaxation time change
Dapagliflozin → T2 relaxation time change
Dapagliflozin → T2 relaxation time change
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeClinical Outcomes
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Unlock full evidence analysis
Create a free account to access effectiveness ratings, evidence strength and depth scores, consistency analysis, and direct links to all supporting studies.
Evidence Suggest
- Dapagliflozin significantly reduced plasma IL-1B levels.
- Plasma ketones increased significantly with dapagliflozin treatment.
- PBMC maximal oxygen consumption rate decreased in the placebo group.
Who this applies to
- Adults with type 2 diabetes.
- Patients at risk for cardiovascular disease.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not be generalizable to non-diabetic populations.
- Further studies are needed to explore long-term effects.
- The study did not measure all potential cardiovascular outcomes.
Between the Lines
- Limited to a specific population of diabetic patients.
- Short follow-up period of 12 months may not capture long-term effects.
- No significant changes in several cardiovascular metrics.
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on SGLT2 Inhibitors and Plasma IL-1B, SGLT2 Inhibitors and Plasma ketones.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ArchiveThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Included in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Plasma IL-1B Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Plasma IL-1B
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Plasma IL-1B as a key outcome.
Plasma ketones Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Plasma ketones
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Plasma ketones as a key outcome.
SGLT2 Inhibitors Evidence Hub
All studies on SGLT2 Inhibitors
1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to SGLT2 Inhibitors evidence base.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
Explore more in the evidence archive
Jump to pre-filtered views in the evidence archive.
All studies on Dapagliflozin and Plasma IL-1B
Intervention: DapagliflozinOutcome: Plasma IL-1B
1 results
All studies on Dapagliflozin and Plasma ketones
Intervention: DapagliflozinOutcome: Plasma ketones
1 results
All studies on Dapagliflozin
Intervention: Dapagliflozin
1 results
All studies measuring Plasma IL-1B
Outcome: Plasma IL-1B
1 results
All studies measuring Plasma ketones
Outcome: Plasma ketones
1 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Dapagliflozin improve plasma il-1b?
Emerging Evidence
Dapagliflozin appears to improve Plasma IL-1B.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Plasma IL-1B
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 52.9 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Dapagliflozin improve plasma ketones?
Emerging Evidence
Dapagliflozin appears to improve Plasma ketones.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Plasma ketones
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 52.9 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Dapagliflozin improve extracellular volume?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Dapagliflozin for Extracellular volume.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Extracellular volume
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 35.4 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Dapagliflozin improve global myocardial strain?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Dapagliflozin for Global myocardial strain.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Global myocardial strain
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 35.4 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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