Last updated July 17, 2026
Key finding
Following the 12-week intervention, the IF regimen significantly elevated serum apoM levels (p = 0.0144).
This study investigated the effects of intermittent fasting on HDL functionality in individuals with type 2 diabetes, finding significant increases in serum apoM levels with intermittent fasting.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study investigated the effects of intermittent fasting on HDL functionality in individuals with type 2 diabetes, finding significant increases in serum apoM levels with intermittent fasting.
Understanding how different dietary interventions affect HDL functionality is crucial for managing cardiovascular risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The findings suggest that intermittent fasting may provide a beneficial approach to improving specific lipid profiles, potentially leading to better overall health outcomes.
The study did not assess long-term effects beyond the 12-week intervention. Sample size and demographic characteristics may limit generalizability. Potential confounding factors were not fully controlled.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Anja P, Anna O, Julia TS, et al. Effects of Dietary Interventions and Intermittent Fasting on HDL Functionality in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Cardiovascular Diabetology. 2024;23:339. doi:10.1186/s12933-024-02426-5
Intermittent fasting significantly increased serum apoM levels (p = 0.0144).
Non-intermittent fasting significantly elevated PON1 activity (p = 0.0455).
Both groups showed enhanced HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0006).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Intermittent Fasting (IF) and Elevated LCAT activity in non-IF group, HDL cholesterol, PON1 activity elevation in non-IF group, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Intermittent Fasting (IF)
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
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Related topics
4
Evidence pairs
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Related studies
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Intermittent Fasting (IF) → Elevated LCAT activity in non-IF group
Intermittent Fasting (IF) → Elevated LCAT activity in non-IF group
Intermittent Fasting (IF) → HDL cholesterol
Intermittent Fasting (IF) → HDL cholesterol
Intermittent Fasting (IF) → PON1 activity elevation in non-IF group
Intermittent Fasting (IF) → PON1 activity elevation in non-IF group
Intermittent Fasting (IF) → Serum Apolipoprotein M (apoM) levels
Intermittent Fasting (IF) → Serum Apolipoprotein M (apoM) levels
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Intermittent Fasting (IF) and Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers, Intermittent Fasting (IF) and Elevated LCAT activity in non-IF group.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diet and Nutrition
Diet and Nutrition
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
Measures Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Elevated LCAT activity in non-IF group
Measures Elevated LCAT activity in non-IF group as a key outcome.
All studies on Intermittent Fasting (IF)
Contributes to Intermittent Fasting (IF) evidence base.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Intermittent Fasting (IF) appears to improve Elevated LCAT activity in non-IF group.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Elevated LCAT activity in non-IF group
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Intermittent Fasting (IF) appears to improve HDL cholesterol.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
HDL cholesterol
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Intermittent Fasting (IF) appears to improve PON1 activity elevation in non-IF group.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
PON1 activity elevation in non-IF group
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Intermittent Fasting (IF) appears to improve Serum Apolipoprotein M (apoM) levels.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Serum Apolipoprotein M (apoM) levels
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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