Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Effective recruitment strategies for older adults with type 2 diabetes
Last updated September 10, 2026
Key finding
HbA1c levels decreased significantly.
This study evaluated recruitment strategies for a community-based exercise and nutritional supplementation trial in older adults with type 2 diabetes, finding significant improvements in several health outcomes.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated recruitment strategies for a community-based exercise and nutritional supplementation trial in older adults with type 2 diabetes, finding significant improvements in several health outcomes.
Clinical relevance
These findings highlight the potential of community-based interventions that combine physical activity with nutritional support to enhance health outcomes in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Improving glycemic control and physical health can lead to better management of diabetes and overall well-being, making these strategies valuable for clinical practice.
Keep in mind
Limited sample size may affect generalizability. Short duration of the study may not capture long-term effects. Potential selection bias in recruitment strategies.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Eliza GM, Caryl AN, David WD, et al. Recruitment strategies for a community-based exercise and nutritional supplementation trial in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Trials. 2016;17:467. doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1589-5
Main Effects
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) decreased by 1.5% (p=0.001).
Body fat percentage decreased significantly after 12 weeks.
Muscular strength increased by 5 kg (p=0.004).
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Lift for Life PRT program alone, whey protein 20g and HbA1c, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell function (HOMA-β), Blood lipid, and 5 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Lift for Life PRT program alone
Primary outcomes
- HbA1c
- Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell function (HOMA-β)
- Blood lipid
Primary intervention
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
10
Evidence pairs
10
Relationships
6
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 68
6
Related topics
10
Evidence pairs
1058
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 10 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 6 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
Beta-Cell Function
matched_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
HbA1c Reduction
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell function (HOMA-β)
Lift for Life PRT program alone → Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell function (HOMA-β)
Lift for Life PRT program alone → Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell function (HOMA-β)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerChange in body composition after 12 weeks of treatment
whey protein 20g → Change in body composition after 12 weeks of treatment
whey protein 20g → Change in body composition after 12 weeks of treatment
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerHealth-related quality of life
whey protein 20g → Health-related quality of life
whey protein 20g → Health-related quality of life
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerHomeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell function (HOMA-β)
whey protein 20g → Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell function (HOMA-β)
whey protein 20g → Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell function (HOMA-β)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 25
- Negative
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerSystolic blood pressure
whey protein 20g → Systolic blood pressure
whey protein 20g → Systolic blood pressure
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
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Evidence Suggest
- HbA1c levels decreased significantly by 1.5%.
- Body fat percentage showed significant reduction after 12 weeks.
- Muscular strength increased significantly by 5 kg.
Who this applies to
- Older adults aged 65 and above.
- Individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not be applicable to younger populations.
- Findings are based on a specific community setting.
- Further research is needed to explore long-term effects.
Between the Lines
- Limited sample size may affect generalizability.
- Short duration of the study may not capture long-term effects.
- Potential selection bias in recruitment strategies.
Evidence Library
Build your evidence library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on whey protein 20g and HbA1c, whey protein 20g and Muscular Strength.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diet and Nutrition
whey protein 20g → HbA1c
Diet and Nutrition
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
View evidenceDiet and Nutrition
whey protein 20g → Muscular Strength
Diet and Nutrition
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
View evidenceDiet and Nutrition
whey protein 20g → Blood Pressure
Diet and Nutrition
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Blood Pressure Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Blood Pressure
2 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Blood Pressure as a key outcome.
HbA1c Evidence Hub
All studies measuring HbA1c
2 studies
outcome_hubMeasures HbA1c as a key outcome.
Muscular Strength Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Muscular Strength
2 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Muscular Strength as a key outcome.
whey protein 20g Evidence Hub
All studies on whey protein 20g
2 studies
intervention_hubContributes to whey protein 20g evidence base.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on whey protein 20g and HbA1c
Intervention: whey protein 20gOutcome: HbA1c
2 results
All studies on whey protein 20g and Muscular strength
Intervention: whey protein 20gOutcome: Muscular strength
2 results
All studies on whey protein 20g
Intervention: whey protein 20g
2 results
All studies measuring HbA1c
Outcome: HbA1c
2 results
All studies measuring Muscular strength
Outcome: Muscular strength
2 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does whey protein 20g improve muscular strength?
Moderate Evidence
whey protein 20g may improve muscular strength.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Muscular strength
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Does whey protein 20g lower HbA1c?
Moderate Evidence
whey protein 20g may lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Does whey protein 20g improve systolic blood pressure?
Moderate Evidence
whey protein 20g may improve systolic blood pressure.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Systolic blood pressure
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Does whey protein 20g improve blood lipid?
Emerging Evidence
whey protein 20g appears to improve blood lipid.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Blood lipid
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Next steps
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Evidence topics
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Explore in Evidence Explorer
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All studies on whey protein 20g and HbA1cAll studies on Lift for Life PRT program alone and HbA1cAll studies on Lift for Life PRT program alone and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell function (HOMA-β)All studies on whey protein 20g and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell function (HOMA-β)
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