Last updated September 2, 2026
Key finding
U-calcium increased in both protein groups.
This study examined the effects of dietary protein and fiber on bone turnover in adults with abdominal obesity and type 2 diabetes, finding no significant changes in key bone turnover markers.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
High Risk
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study examined the effects of dietary protein and fiber on bone turnover in adults with abdominal obesity and type 2 diabetes, finding no significant changes in key bone turnover markers.
Understanding the impact of diet on bone health is crucial for managing conditions like obesity and diabetes. This study suggests that increasing protein or fiber intake may not lead to expected improvements in bone turnover, highlighting the need for further research in dietary interventions for this population.
Limited sample size may affect the generalizability of findings. Short duration of the study may not capture long-term effects. Potential confounding factors not controlled for in the analysis.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Rasmus F, Elin R, Peter V, Kjeld H, Søren G, Jakob S. Effects of Dietary Protein and Fiber on Bone Turnover in Adults with Abdominal Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2022;13:832897. doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.832897
No significant change in plasma levels of P1NP after twelve weeks (0 µg/L, no_change).
No significant change in plasma levels of CTX after twelve weeks (0 µg/L, no_change).
U-calcium excretion increased in both protein groups (1.12 mmol/d, increase).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to whey protein 20g and Bone mineral density (BMD), Change in U-calcium excretion, Change in plasma levels of Procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), and 5 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
whey protein 20g
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
1
Related topics
8
Evidence pairs
8
Related studies
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
whey protein 20g → Bone mineral density (BMD)
whey protein 20g → Bone mineral density (BMD)
whey protein 20g → Change in plasma levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH)
whey protein 20g → Change in plasma levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH)
whey protein 20g → Change in plasma levels of Procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP)
whey protein 20g → Change in plasma levels of Procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP)
whey protein 20g → Change in U-calcium excretion
whey protein 20g → Change in U-calcium excretion
whey protein 20g → Change in u-carbamide excretion
whey protein 20g → Change in u-carbamide excretion
whey protein 20g → Total 25-OH vitamin D
whey protein 20g → Total 25-OH vitamin D
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on whey protein 20g and Insulin Resistance, whey protein 20g and Bone Mineral Density.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diet and Nutrition
Diet and Nutrition
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Insulin Resistance
Measures Insulin Resistance as a key outcome.
All studies on whey protein 20g
Contributes to whey protein 20g evidence base.
All studies measuring Bone Mineral Density
Measures Bone Mineral Density as a key outcome.
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3 results
1 results
3 results
3 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
whey protein 20g may improve insulin resistance.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Insulin resistance
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 78.7 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
whey protein 20g appears to improve change in u-calcium excretion.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Change in U-calcium excretion
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
whey protein 20g appears to improve change in u-carbamide excretion.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Change in u-carbamide excretion
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of whey protein 20g for bone mineral density (BMD).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Bone mineral density (BMD)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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