Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Exenatide does not affect renal function in type 2 diabetes
Last updated September 2, 2026
Key finding
Exenatide increased R A (p < 0.05).
This study investigated the acute renal effects of exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes, finding no significant impact on glomerular filtration rate.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study investigated the acute renal effects of exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes, finding no significant impact on glomerular filtration rate.
Clinical relevance
Understanding the renal effects of diabetes medications like exenatide is crucial for managing patients with type 2 diabetes, especially those at risk for kidney issues. The findings suggest that exenatide can be used without negatively impacting kidney filtration rates, although it does influence other renal functions.
Keep in mind
Limited sample size may affect generalizability. Short duration of study may not capture long-term effects. Lack of diverse population limits applicability to broader groups.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Lennart T, Mark MS, Marcel HAM, et al. Acute renal effects of exenatide in type 2 diabetes patients. Diabetologia. 2016;59:1412-1421. doi:10.1007/s00125-016-3938-z
Main Effects
Exenatide did not affect glomerular filtration rate (mean difference +2 ± 3 ml min −1 1.73 m −2, p = 0.489).
Exenatide increased renal artery resistance (p < 0.05).
Exenatide increased fractional excretion of sodium (p < 0.05).
Exenatide increased urine osmolality (p < 0.05).
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Exenatide and Blood glucose, Change in Renal Plasma Flow (RPF), Diastolic blood pressure, and 10 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Exenatide
Primary outcomes
- Blood glucose
- Change in Renal Plasma Flow (RPF)
- Diastolic blood pressure
Primary intervention
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
13
Evidence pairs
13
Relationships
4
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 68
4
Related topics
13
Evidence pairs
1126
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 13 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 4 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Fasting Glucose
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Blood Pressure
Save evidence
Evidence topic
Blood Pressure
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Change in Renal Plasma Flow (RPF)
Exenatide → Change in Renal Plasma Flow (RPF)
Exenatide → Change in Renal Plasma Flow (RPF)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 25
- Negative
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEffective renal vascular resistance (ERVR)
Exenatide → Effective renal vascular resistance (ERVR)
Exenatide → Effective renal vascular resistance (ERVR)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerFractional excretion of potassium (FE K)
Exenatide → Fractional excretion of potassium (FE K)
Exenatide → Fractional excretion of potassium (FE K)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerFractional Excretion of Sodium (FE Na)
Exenatide → Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FE Na)
Exenatide → Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FE Na)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 25
- Negative
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerGlomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Exenatide → Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Exenatide → Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerMean arterial pressure reduction
Exenatide → Mean arterial pressure reduction
Exenatide → Mean arterial pressure reduction
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 25
- Negative
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
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Evidence Suggest
- Exenatide did not change glomerular filtration rate (p = 0.489).
- Increased renal artery resistance by 649 dyn·s·cm−5 (p < 0.05).
- Increased urine osmolality by 130 mOsm/kg (p < 0.05).
Who this applies to
- Adults with type 2 diabetes.
- Patients at risk for renal impairment.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to populations outside the study's demographics.
- Further research needed to assess long-term renal effects.
- Changes in renal parameters do not necessarily indicate harm.
Between the Lines
- Limited sample size may affect generalizability.
- Short duration of study may not capture long-term effects.
- Lack of diverse population limits applicability to broader groups.
Evidence Library
Build your evidence library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Fasting Glucose, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Blood Pressure.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Medications
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists → Fasting Glucose
Medications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
View evidenceMedications
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists → Blood Pressure
Medications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 25
- Negative
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Fasting Glucose Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Fasting Glucose
2 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Fasting Glucose as a key outcome.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Evidence Hub
All studies on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
2 studies
intervention_hubContributes to GLP-1 Receptor Agonists evidence base.
Blood Pressure Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Blood Pressure
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Blood Pressure as a key outcome.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on Exenatide and Blood glucose
Intervention: ExenatideOutcome: Blood glucose
2 results
All studies on Exenatide and Diastolic blood pressure
Intervention: ExenatideOutcome: Diastolic blood pressure
1 results
All studies on Exenatide
Intervention: Exenatide
2 results
All studies measuring Blood glucose
Outcome: Blood glucose
2 results
All studies measuring Diastolic blood pressure
Outcome: Diastolic blood pressure
1 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Do GLP-1 Receptor Agonists improve fasting glucose?
Strong Evidence
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists may improve fasting glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Blood glucose
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 18 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Do GLP-1 Receptor Agonists improve blood pressure?
Strong Evidence
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists may improve blood pressure.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Diastolic blood pressure
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | moderate negative | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 14 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Does Exenatide improve fractional excretion of sodium (fe na)?
Emerging Evidence
Exenatide appears to improve fractional excretion of sodium (fe na).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FE Na)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Does Exenatide improve renal artery resistance?
Emerging Evidence
Exenatide appears to improve renal artery resistance.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Renal artery resistance
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Next steps
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