Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Flexible Insulin Therapy Improves Diabetes Control
Last updated September 2, 2026
Key finding
At 16 weeks, the within-group change in HbA1c was -0.8% (-1.3 to -0.3%; P = 0.002)
The BolusCal Study evaluated the effects of flexible intensive insulin therapy and an automated bolus calculator on diabetes management. Results indicated significant improvements in treatment satisfaction with CarbCountABC.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
The BolusCal Study evaluated the effects of flexible intensive insulin therapy and an automated bolus calculator on diabetes management. Results indicated significant improvements in treatment satisfaction with CarbCountABC.
Clinical relevance
This study highlights the potential benefits of using automated bolus calculators in diabetes management, particularly in enhancing patient satisfaction and glycemic control. Improved treatment satisfaction can lead to better adherence and outcomes in diabetes care, making these tools valuable in clinical practice.
Keep in mind
The study's sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings. The duration of the study was relatively short at 16 weeks. Self-reported measures may introduce bias in hypoglycemia frequency.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Signe S, Merete M, Nermin S, et al. The BolusCal Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating Flexible Intensive Insulin Therapy and an Automated Bolus Calculator. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(5):984-990. doi:10.2337/dc11-2044
Main Effects
CarbCountABC reduced HbA1c by -0.7% (P < 0.0001).
CarbCount showed a reduction in HbA1c by -0.8% (P = 0.002).
Treatment satisfaction improved significantly more in CarbCountABC compared to other groups.
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to CarbCount, CarbCountABC and Body weight, HbA1c, Total daily insulin dose, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
CarbCount
Primary outcomes
- Body weight
- HbA1c
- Total daily insulin dose
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
8
Evidence pairs
8
Relationships
2
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 64
2
Related topics
8
Evidence pairs
876
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 8 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 2 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Add related evidence to your Evidence Tracker
Save studies and evidence pages, organize your personal Evidence Tracker, and keep the research you care about in one place.
Primary evidence
Evidence topic
HbA1c Reduction
matched_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
Weight Loss
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 85
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerTotal daily insulin dose
CarbCountABC → Total daily insulin dose
CarbCountABC → Total daily insulin dose
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 85
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
Build your evidence library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Evidence Suggest
- CarbCountABC significantly improved treatment satisfaction compared to Control and CarbCount.
- HbA1c levels decreased significantly in the CarbCountABC group.
- Total daily insulin dose changes were minimal across all groups.
Who this applies to
- Adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes managing insulin therapy.
- Patients seeking improved diabetes management tools.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to populations outside the study's demographic.
- The short study duration limits long-term efficacy conclusions.
- Further research is needed to explore the impact of automated calculators in diverse settings.
Between the Lines
- The study's sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings.
- The duration of the study was relatively short at 16 weeks.
- Self-reported measures may introduce bias in hypoglycemia frequency.
Evidence Library
Build your evidence library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on CarbCount and Body Weight, CarbCount and Insulin Resistance.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
CarbCount → Body Weight
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
View evidenceBehavioral & Lifestyle
CarbCount → Insulin Resistance
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Body Weight Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Body Weight
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Body Weight as a key outcome.
CarbCount Evidence Hub
All studies on CarbCount
1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to CarbCount evidence base.
Insulin Resistance Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Insulin Resistance
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Insulin Resistance as a key outcome.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on CarbCount and Body weight
Intervention: CarbCountOutcome: Body weight
1 results
All studies on CarbCount and Total daily insulin dose
Intervention: CarbCountOutcome: Total daily insulin dose
1 results
All studies on CarbCount
Intervention: CarbCount
1 results
All studies measuring Body weight
Outcome: Body weight
1 results
All studies measuring Total daily insulin dose
Outcome: Total daily insulin dose
1 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does CarbCount lower HbA1c?
Emerging Evidence
CarbCount appears to lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Does CarbCount improve treatment satisfaction?
Emerging Evidence
CarbCount appears to improve treatment satisfaction.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Treatment satisfaction
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Does CarbCountABC lower HbA1c?
Emerging Evidence
CarbCountABC appears to lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Does CarbCountABC improve treatment satisfaction?
Emerging Evidence
CarbCountABC appears to improve treatment satisfaction.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Treatment satisfaction
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Next steps
Continue your research
Choose a next path through related evidence topics, Evidence Explorer views, and research summaries.
Evidence topics
Follow the topics this study contributes to.
Explore in Evidence Explorer
Open broader Evidence Explorer views for this relationship.
Related research
Read related research summaries.
Dietary interventions improve glycemic control in pre-diabetic patientsInsulin glargine plus metformin and glimepiride improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.Exercise Improves Serum Albumin Levels in Women with Type 2 DiabetesMetabolomics score improves metabolic profiling in diabetes5:2 Diet Improves Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
No ads. No tracking.
Focused on evidence, not advertising.
Secure & private
Your data is always protected.
Always up to date
New studies added every day.