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Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™

ILSM program reduces fasting blood glucose in women with gestational diabetes

Powered by the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework

Last updated September 9, 2026

Key finding

The ILSM intervention showed a consistent significance on reducing fasting blood glucose.

This study evaluated the impact of an Intensive Lifestyle Modification Program on women with a history of gestational diabetes in rural China, finding significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose.

Quick read

Study at a glance

The essential study design details in one scan.

EvidenceScore™

Moderate

Study type

RCTs

Follow-up

Long-Term (1–5 y)

Risk of bias

Some Concerns

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Plain-language summary

What this paper says

A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.

Study focus

This study evaluated the impact of an Intensive Lifestyle Modification Program on women with a history of gestational diabetes in rural China, finding significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose.

Clinical relevance

This research highlights the importance of tailored interventions for women with a history of gestational diabetes, particularly in rural settings. Understanding the varying effectiveness based on socioeconomic status can help healthcare providers design more inclusive and effective lifestyle modification programs to prevent diabetes.

Keep in mind

The effectiveness of the intervention was unclear for several outcomes. The study may not be generalizable beyond the rural Chinese population. Socioeconomic status influenced the effectiveness of the intervention. Limited follow-up data may affect long-term outcome assessments.

Published in

Journal Reference

Publication details and source links for this paper.

Jun W, Yang B, Yimeng L, et al. The effect of an Intensive LifeStyle Modification Program on women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus in rural China: a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2026;26:1312. doi:10.1186/s12889-026-26854-y

View DOIView on PubMedView on PMC

Main Effects

The ILSM intervention significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose by -0.15 mmol/L (p=0.001).

Women with full-time employment and high income showed increased intentions to eat low-glycemic foods.

The intervention was ineffective in lowering BMI among women of lower socioeconomic status.

The intervention did not effectively reduce waist circumference or diabetes risk in lower socioeconomic status women.

Evidence network

How this study fits

Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.

Evidence Context

This study contributes evidence to Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes and BMI, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), Intentions to eat low-glycemic foods, and 1 more.

This study contributes evidence to

Intervention

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes

Outcome

BMI

Evidence topic

Weight Loss

Primary intervention

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes

Primary outcomes

  • BMI
  • Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
  • Intentions to eat low-glycemic foods

Evidence topics

Weight LossBody CompositionFasting Blood GlucoseGlycemic Control

Primary intervention

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes

Primary outcomes

BMIFasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)Intentions to eat low-glycemic foods

Evidence relationships

Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.

4
Evidence pairs
4
Relationships
4
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence

Editorial context

Why this study matters

See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.

Evidence network role

This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.

Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 72

4

Related topics

4

Evidence pairs

1251

Related studies

High relevance in at least one topic

Why it is useful

  • Contributes to 4 evidence relationships
  • Includes primary outcome data
  • Linked to 4 direct semantic evidence topics

Topic contributions

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

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Primary evidence

Evidence topic

Weight Loss

matched_outcome

Related evidence

Evidence topic

Body Composition

Save evidence

Core evidence

Study findings

The primary outcomes reported in this study.

BMI

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes → BMI

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes → BMI

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
87
Strong
ImpactScore™
63
Slightly Positive
ConsistencyScore™
63
generally_consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 8 studies
Add to Evidence Tracker

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
87
Strong
ImpactScore™
69
Positive
ConsistencyScore™
35
mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 9 studies
Add to Evidence Tracker

Intentions to eat low-glycemic foods

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes → Intentions to eat low-glycemic foods

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes → Intentions to eat low-glycemic foods

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence Tracker

Waist circumference

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes → Waist circumference

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes → Waist circumference

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
83
Strong
ImpactScore™
63
Slightly Positive
ConsistencyScore™
35
mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 8 studies
Add to Evidence Tracker

Evidence Library

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evidence suggest

Evidence Suggest

  • Fasting plasma glucose decreased significantly by -0.15 mmol/L (p=0.001).
  • Higher income women reported greater intentions to adopt low-glycemic diets.
  • The intervention was ineffective for lower socioeconomic status women regarding BMI and diabetes risk.
who this applies

Who this applies to

  • Women with a history of gestational diabetes.
  • Residents of rural China.
  • Women with varying income levels, particularly those employed full-time.
keep in mind

Keep in Mind

  • The intervention's effectiveness varied significantly based on socioeconomic status.
  • Results may not apply to urban populations or different cultural contexts.
  • Further research is needed to explore long-term effects and sustainability of lifestyle changes.
between the lines

Between the Lines

  • The effectiveness of the intervention was unclear for several outcomes.
  • The study may not be generalizable beyond the rural Chinese population.
  • Socioeconomic status influenced the effectiveness of the intervention.
  • Limited follow-up data may affect long-term outcome assessments.

Evidence Library

Build your evidence library

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Connected Evidence

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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.

Powered by the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework

This study contributes to evidence on Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes and Fasting Glucose, Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes and Body Mass Index.

Related evidence relationships

Explore in Evidence Explorer

This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.

Questions answered by this study

Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.

Does Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes improve fasting plasma glucose (FPG)?

Strong Evidence

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes may improve fasting plasma glucose (FPG).

ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.

Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

    EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 87.1 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
View Full Evidence

Does Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes affect BMI?

Strong Evidence

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes may affect BMI.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    BMI

    EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 87.0 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
View Full Evidence

Does Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes affect waist circumference?

Strong Evidence

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes may affect waist circumference.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.

Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Waist circumference

    EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 82.6 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
View Full Evidence

Does Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes improve intentions to eat low-glycemic foods?

Emerging Evidence

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes appears to improve intentions to eat low-glycemic foods.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Intentions to eat low-glycemic foods

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
View Full Evidence
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Next steps

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Evidence topics

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Weight Loss Evidence HubBody Composition Evidence HubFasting Blood Glucose Evidence HubGlycemic Control Evidence Hub

Explore in Evidence Explorer

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All studies on Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes and Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)All studies on Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes and BMIAll studies on Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes and Waist circumferenceAll studies on Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes and Intentions to eat low-glycemic foods

Related research

Read related research summaries.

Intensive lifestyle intervention may improve type 2 diabetes remission ratesHealthy lifestyle reduces diabetes risk in high genetic risk womenCommunity lifestyle programme improves multiple diabetes risk factors in adults with prediabetesEngagement in a prediabetes education programme is linked to lower type 2 diabetes riskHome-based intervention may help prevent diabetes in women with GDM

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