Research Summary

Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™

Improved Sleep Disorders in Type 2 Diabetes with Group Treatment

Last updated July 11, 2026

Key finding

ISI score decreased from 9.45 at baseline to 6.98 at 12 months follow-up.

This study evaluated a concentrated transdiagnostic treatment for patients with Type 2 diabetes and sleep disorders, showing significant improvements in sleep-related outcomes over 12 months.

Quick read

Study at a glance

The essential study design details in one scan.

EvidenceScore™

Moderate

Study type

RCTs

Follow-up

Long-Term (1–5 y)

Risk of bias

Some Concerns

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Plain-language summary

What this paper says

A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.

Study focus

This study evaluated a concentrated transdiagnostic treatment for patients with Type 2 diabetes and sleep disorders, showing significant improvements in sleep-related outcomes over 12 months.

Clinical relevance

Improving sleep quality in patients with Type 2 diabetes is crucial as poor sleep can exacerbate diabetes management and overall health. This study highlights a potential effective intervention that could enhance patient care and quality of life, addressing both diabetes and sleep issues simultaneously.

Keep in mind

Single-arm study design limits generalizability. Lack of a control group may affect the validity of findings. Potential selection bias in participant recruitment.

Published in

Journal Reference

Publication details and source links for this paper.

Ane W, Karsten AO, Markus RK, Sigurd WH, Gerd K, Eirik S. A 4-Day Concentrated Transdiagnostic Treatment for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Sleep Disorders. Frontiers in Sleep. 2025;4:1639626. doi:10.3389/frsle.2025.1639626

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Main Effects

Insomnia Severity Index score decreased by 2.47 points (p=0.001).

Bergen Insomnia Scale score decreased by 3.02 points (p=0.01).

Epworth Sleepiness Scale score decreased by 4.31 points (p=0.001).

Percentage of patients at high risk for OSA decreased by 27.1% (p=0.014).

Evidence network

How this study fits

Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.

Evidence Context

This study contributes evidence to Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment and Reduction in Daytime Sleepiness Measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Bergen Insomnia Scale, Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and 1 more.

This study contributes evidence to

Intervention

Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment

Outcome

Reduction in Daytime Sleepiness Measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Primary intervention

Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment

Primary outcomes

Reduction in Daytime Sleepiness Measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Bergen Insomnia Scale
Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)

Primary intervention

Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment

Primary outcomes

Reduction in Daytime Sleepiness Measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Bergen Insomnia Scale Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)

Evidence relationships

Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.

Evidence pairs

Relationships

Evidence topics

contributes_evidence

Editorial context

Why this study matters

See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.

Evidence network role

This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.

Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 54

Why it is useful

Contributes to 4 evidence relationships
Includes primary outcome data
Linked to 0 direct semantic evidence topics

Core evidence

Study findings

The primary outcomes reported in this study.

Reduction in Daytime Sleepiness Measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment → Reduction in Daytime Sleepiness Measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Evidence Intelligence™

ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Unlock full evidence details

Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Bergen Insomnia Scale

Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment → Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Bergen Insomnia Scale

Evidence Intelligence™

ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Unlock full evidence details

Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)

Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment → Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)

Evidence Intelligence™

ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Unlock full evidence details

Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA)

Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment → Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA)

Evidence Intelligence™

ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

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Evidence Suggest

Insomnia severity significantly reduced by 2.47 points.
Daytime sleepiness improved with a 4.31 point decrease.
Risk for obstructive sleep apnea decreased by 27.1%.

Who this applies to

Adults with Type 2 diabetes.
Patients experiencing sleep disorders.

Keep in Mind

Results may not be applicable to populations outside the study sample.
Long-term effects beyond 12 months are unknown.
Further research is needed to confirm findings in larger, diverse populations.

Between the Lines

Single-arm study design limits generalizability.
Lack of a control group may affect the validity of findings.
Potential selection bias in participant recruitment.

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Connected Evidence

Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.

Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.

This study contributes to evidence on Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment and Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Bergen Insomnia Scale, Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment and Reduction in Daytime Sleepiness Measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale.

Related evidence relationships

Explore in Evidence Archive

This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.

Behavioral & Lifestyle

Detailed evidence

Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment → Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Bergen Insomnia Scale

Behavioral & Lifestyle

Evidence Intelligence™

ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

View evidence

Behavioral & Lifestyle

Detailed evidence

Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment → Reduction in Daytime Sleepiness Measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Behavioral & Lifestyle

Evidence Intelligence™

ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

View evidence

Included in these evidence collections

Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.

Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment Evidence Hub

All studies on Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment

1 studies

intervention_hub

Contributes to Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment evidence base.

Reduction in Daytime Sleepiness Measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale Evidence Hub

All studies measuring Reduction in Daytime Sleepiness Measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale

1 studies

outcome_hub

Measures Reduction in Daytime Sleepiness Measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale as a key outcome.

Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Bergen Insomnia Scale Evidence Hub

All studies measuring Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Bergen Insomnia Scale

1 studies

outcome_hub

Measures Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Bergen Insomnia Scale as a key outcome.

Recent Diabetes Research

Latest published studies

recency_collection

Published within the last 2 years.

Explore more in the evidence archive

Jump to pre-filtered views in the evidence archive.

All studies on Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment and Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Bergen Insomnia Scale

Intervention: Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatmentOutcome: Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Bergen Insomnia Scale

1 results

All studies on Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment and Reduction in Daytime Sleepiness Measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Intervention: Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatmentOutcome: Reduction in Daytime Sleepiness Measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale

1 results

All studies on Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment

Intervention: Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment

1 results

All studies measuring Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Bergen Insomnia Scale

Outcome: Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Bergen Insomnia Scale

1 results

All studies measuring Reduction in Daytime Sleepiness Measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Outcome: Reduction in Daytime Sleepiness Measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale

1 results

Questions answered by this study

Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.

Does Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment improve reduction in daytime sleepiness measured by epworth sleepiness scale?

Emerging Evidence

Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment appears to improve Reduction in Daytime Sleepiness Measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

1
Reduction in Daytime Sleepiness Measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

Only one supporting study is available.
Consistency cannot yet be determined.
Population details are unavailable.

View Full Evidence

Does Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment improve reduction in insomnia symptoms measured by bergen insomnia scale?

Emerging Evidence

Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment appears to improve Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Bergen Insomnia Scale.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

1
Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Bergen Insomnia Scale
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

Only one supporting study is available.
Consistency cannot yet be determined.
Population details are unavailable.

View Full Evidence

Does Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment improve reduction in insomnia symptoms measured by insomnia severity index (isi)?

Emerging Evidence

Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment appears to improve Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI).

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

1
Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

Only one supporting study is available.
Consistency cannot yet be determined.
Population details are unavailable.

View Full Evidence

Does Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment improve risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (osa)?

Emerging Evidence

Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment appears to improve Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA).

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

1
Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

Only one supporting study is available.
Consistency cannot yet be determined.
Population details are unavailable.

View Full Evidence

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All studies on Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment and Reduction in Daytime Sleepiness Measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale All studies on Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment and Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Bergen Insomnia Scale All studies on Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment and Reduction in Insomnia Symptoms Measured by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)All studies on Concentrated transdiagnostic, micro choice-based and interdisciplinary group treatment and Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA)

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