Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Insulin Glargine and Detemir show similar effects on appetite hormones
Last updated September 2, 2026
Key finding
HbA1C decreased significantly after treatment with Insulin Glargine.
This study compared the effects of Insulin Glargine and Insulin Detemir on appetite hormones in individuals with Type 1 Diabetes, finding significant reductions in various health markers with Insulin Glargine.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Extended (5–20+ y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study compared the effects of Insulin Glargine and Insulin Detemir on appetite hormones in individuals with Type 1 Diabetes, finding significant reductions in various health markers with Insulin Glargine.
Clinical relevance
These findings are clinically significant as they suggest that Insulin Glargine may be a more effective treatment option for managing blood sugar and cholesterol levels in patients with Type 1 Diabetes. Improved management of these markers can lead to better overall health outcomes and reduced risk of complications associated with diabetes.
Keep in mind
The study included a limited sample size. Findings may not be generalizable to all populations with Type 1 Diabetes. The study did not assess long-term effects of the interventions.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Maryam R, Hosein M, Mona N, et al. Comparison of Insulin Glargine and Detemir Effects on Appetite Hormones in Type 1 Diabetes. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR. 2021;20(3):647-653. doi:10.22037/ijpr.2021.114841.15059
Main Effects
Insulin Glargine reduced HbA1C by 1.9% (p=0.013).
Insulin Glargine decreased cholesterol levels by 33.19 mg/dL (p=0.006).
Insulin Glargine lowered LDL cholesterol by 15.43 mg/dL (p=0.026).
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Detemir, Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine and AGRP, HDL cholesterol, HbA1c, and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Detemir
Primary outcomes
- AGRP
- HDL cholesterol
- HbA1c
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
10
Evidence pairs
10
Relationships
1
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 59
1
Related topics
10
Evidence pairs
506
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 10 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 1 direct semantic evidence topic
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
HbA1c Reduction
matched_outcome
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerAGRP
Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine → AGRP
Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine → AGRP
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerHbA1c
Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine → HbA1c
Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine → HbA1c
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerHDL cholesterol
Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine → HDL cholesterol
Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine → HDL cholesterol
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 25
- Negative
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerLDL cholesterol
Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine → LDL cholesterol
Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine → LDL cholesterol
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerMean leptin level change
Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine → Mean leptin level change
Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine → Mean leptin level change
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 25
- Negative
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
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Evidence Suggest
- Insulin Glargine significantly decreased HbA1C levels.
- Cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly reduced with Insulin Glargine.
- No significant changes were observed with Insulin Detemir.
Who this applies to
- Adults with Type 1 Diabetes.
- Participants undergoing insulin therapy.
Keep in Mind
- Results are based on a specific population and may not apply universally.
- Further research is needed to confirm long-term effects.
- The study did not explore potential side effects of the insulin types.
Between the Lines
- The study included a limited sample size.
- Findings may not be generalizable to all populations with Type 1 Diabetes.
- The study did not assess long-term effects of the interventions.
Evidence Library
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine and HbA1c, Detemir and AGRP.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Medications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
View evidenceMedications
Detemir → AGRP
Medications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
View evidenceMedications
Detemir → Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
Medications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
HbA1c Evidence Hub
All studies measuring HbA1c
2 studies
outcome_hubMeasures HbA1c as a key outcome.
Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine Evidence Hub
All studies on Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine
2 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine evidence base.
Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers as a key outcome.
AGRP Evidence Hub
All studies measuring AGRP
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures AGRP as a key outcome.
Detemir Evidence Hub
All studies on Detemir
1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Detemir evidence base.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine and HbA1c
Intervention: Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargineOutcome: HbA1c
2 results
All studies on Detemir and AGRP
Intervention: DetemirOutcome: AGRP
1 results
All studies on Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine
Intervention: Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine
2 results
All studies on Detemir
Intervention: Detemir
1 results
All studies measuring HbA1c
Outcome: HbA1c
2 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine lower HbA1c?
Moderate Evidence
Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine may lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Does Detemir lower HbA1c?
Emerging Evidence
Detemir appears to lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Does Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine improve agrp?
Emerging Evidence
Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine appears to improve agrp.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
AGRP
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Does Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine improve ldl cholesterol?
Emerging Evidence
Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine appears to improve ldl cholesterol.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
LDL cholesterol
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Next steps
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Explore in Evidence Explorer
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All studies on Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine and HbA1cAll studies on Detemir and HbA1cAll studies on Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine and AGRPAll studies on Sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin glargine and HDL cholesterol
Related research
Read related research summaries.
Structured exercise improves metabolic health in prediabetic adultsGlargine shows more pronounced late glucose-lowering effect than detemir.Intermittent Fasting Diet Improves Glycemic Control in Type 2 DiabetesCombination therapy improves hepatic steatosis in T2DM patientsGenetic variants linked to diabetes progression show little effect
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