Last updated July 15, 2026
Key finding
Improvement in HOMA-IR was defined as a decrease in HOMA-IR after the intervention.
This study evaluated the effects of intermittent fasting and caloric restriction on type 2 diabetes risk parameters. Results indicated unclear effectiveness on HOMA-IR and fasting glucose improvement.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
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Study focus
This study evaluated the effects of intermittent fasting and caloric restriction on type 2 diabetes risk parameters. Results indicated unclear effectiveness on HOMA-IR and fasting glucose improvement.
Understanding the effectiveness of dietary interventions like intermittent fasting and caloric restriction is crucial for managing type 2 diabetes. If proven effective, these approaches could offer personalized dietary strategies that help reduce diabetes risk and improve overall health outcomes.
Effectiveness of interventions remained unclear due to lack of significant results. Sample size and population characteristics may limit generalizability. Control group did not involve fasting, complicating comparative analysis.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Shula S, Giuseppe DP. Intermittent Fasting as a Personalized Approach to Improve Type 2 Diabetes Risk Parameters. Nutrients. 2023;15(18):3926. doi:10.3390/nu15183926
HOMA-IR improvement showed a decrease of -7206 units, but effectiveness was unclear.
Fasting glucose improvement indicated a decrease of -1.5 mmol/L, with unclear effectiveness.
Control interventions with caloric restriction showed no change in HOMA-IR.
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Calorie restriction, Intermittent Fasting (IF) and HOMA-IR levels after caloric restriction, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), Improvement in HOMA-IR after intermittent fasting.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Calorie restriction
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
2
Related topics
3
Evidence pairs
650
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Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_intervention_and_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
Save evidence
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Calorie restriction → HOMA-IR levels after caloric restriction
Calorie restriction → HOMA-IR levels after caloric restriction
Intermittent Fasting (IF) → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Intermittent Fasting (IF) → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Intermittent Fasting (IF) → Improvement in HOMA-IR after intermittent fasting
Intermittent Fasting (IF) → Improvement in HOMA-IR after intermittent fasting
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Intermittent Fasting (IF) and Fasting Glucose, Calorie restriction and HOMA-IR levels after caloric restriction.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diet and Nutrition
Diet and Nutrition
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Fasting Glucose
Measures Fasting Glucose as a key outcome.
All studies on Intermittent Fasting (IF)
Contributes to Intermittent Fasting (IF) evidence base.
All studies on Calorie restriction
Contributes to Calorie restriction evidence base.
All studies measuring HOMA-IR levels after caloric restriction
Measures HOMA-IR levels after caloric restriction as a key outcome.
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2 results
1 results
2 results
1 results
2 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Intermittent Fasting (IF) appears to improve Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG).
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Intermittent Fasting (IF) appears to improve Improvement in HOMA-IR after intermittent fasting.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Improvement in HOMA-IR after intermittent fasting
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Calorie restriction for HOMA-IR levels after caloric restriction.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
HOMA-IR levels after caloric restriction
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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