Last updated August 24, 2026
Key finding
By 6 months, 80.4% of KAP participants achieved ≥ 150 min/week of exercise compared to 57.8% in the control group.
This study evaluated a KAP-based outdoor exercise education program for adults with Type 2 Diabetes compared to traditional exercise guidance. Results showed no significant differences in HbA1c or body weight, but improved exercise adherence in the KAP group.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated a KAP-based outdoor exercise education program for adults with Type 2 Diabetes compared to traditional exercise guidance. Results showed no significant differences in HbA1c or body weight, but improved exercise adherence in the KAP group.
Improving exercise adherence is crucial for managing Type 2 Diabetes, as regular physical activity can lead to better health outcomes. The KAP-based program may offer a more effective strategy for encouraging sustained exercise among this population, potentially leading to improved long-term health.
Unclear effectiveness of interventions due to non-significant findings. Limited generalizability due to specific population characteristics. Potential unmeasured confounders affecting outcomes.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Liwen T, Qiang L, Yun S, et al. A KAP-Based Outdoor Exercise Education Program for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2026;2026:4523789. doi:10.1155/jdr/4523789
HbA1c decreased by about 1.3% in both groups; adjusted difference was -0.045% (p = 0.498).
Body weight declined similarly in both groups with a between-group difference of -0.261 kg (p = 0.328).
80.4% of KAP participants achieved ≥ 150 min/week of exercise compared to 57.8% in the control group.
KAP participants averaged 178.5 min of exercise per week, 23.7 min more than the control group.
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to KAP-based exercise education and Adherence to Purposeful Exercise, Average exercise duration per week, Body weight, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
KAP-based exercise education
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
2
Related topics
4
Evidence pairs
979
Related studies
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Save studies and evidence pages, organize your personal Evidence Tracker, and keep the research you care about in one place.
Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
Save evidence
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
KAP-based exercise education → Adherence to Purposeful Exercise
KAP-based exercise education → Adherence to Purposeful Exercise
KAP-based exercise education → Average exercise duration per week
KAP-based exercise education → Average exercise duration per week
Evidence Library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Evidence Library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on KAP-based exercise education and Adherence to Purposeful Exercise, KAP-based exercise education and Average exercise duration per week.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Adherence to Purposeful Exercise
Measures Adherence to Purposeful Exercise as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Average exercise duration per week
Measures Average exercise duration per week as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Body Weight
Measures Body Weight as a key outcome.
All studies on KAP-based exercise education
Contributes to KAP-based exercise education evidence base.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
KAP-based exercise education appears to improve adherence to purposeful exercise.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Adherence to Purposeful Exercise
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
KAP-based exercise education appears to improve average exercise duration per week.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Average exercise duration per week
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear effect of KAP-based exercise education on body weight.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Body weight
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of KAP-based exercise education for HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Next steps
Choose a next path through related evidence topics, Evidence Explorer views, and research summaries.
Follow the topics this study contributes to.
Open broader Evidence Explorer views for this relationship.
Read related research summaries.
Focused on evidence, not advertising.
Your data is always protected.
New studies added every day.
