Last updated September 9, 2026
Key finding
The risk of GDM was reduced by 46.9% (16.4% vs 30.9%, P = 0.007)
This study evaluated the impact of lifestyle interventions on pregnancy outcomes in women at high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. It found significant reductions in the risks of gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Extended (5–20+ y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the impact of lifestyle interventions on pregnancy outcomes in women at high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. It found significant reductions in the risks of gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertension.
These findings highlight the importance of lifestyle modifications in managing pregnancy outcomes for women at high risk of gestational diabetes. By effectively reducing the incidence of GDM and pregnancy-induced hypertension, such interventions could lead to healthier pregnancies and improved maternal and fetal health.
The study's sample size and demographic diversity may limit generalizability. Effectiveness of the intervention was not fully established for all outcomes. Potential confounding factors were not controlled for in the analysis.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Jiawei X, Xuan L, Ying F, et al. Effects of Lifestyle Interventions on Pregnancy Outcomes in Women at High Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Frontiers in Immunology. 2023;14:1191184. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191184
The risk of gestational diabetes mellitus was reduced by 46.9% (16.4% vs 30.9%, P = 0.007).
The risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension was reduced by 74.2% (2.3% vs 8.9%, P = 0.034).
No significant differences were observed in macrosomia, cesarean sections, or preterm births.
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes and Emergency cesarean section rate, Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence, Incidence of macrosomia, and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
2
Related topics
5
Evidence pairs
155
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Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_intervention_and_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
Save evidence
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes → Emergency cesarean section rate
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes → Emergency cesarean section rate
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes → Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes → Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes → Incidence of macrosomia
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes → Incidence of macrosomia
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes → Incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension during pregnancy
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes → Incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension during pregnancy
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes → Rate of preterm delivery (<37 weeks)
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes → Rate of preterm delivery (<37 weeks)
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes and Emergency cesarean section rate, Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes and Diabetes Incidence and Prevention.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Diabetes Incidence and Prevention
Measures Diabetes Incidence and Prevention as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Emergency cesarean section rate
Measures Emergency cesarean section rate as a key outcome.
All studies on Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes
Contributes to Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes evidence base.
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2 results
2 results
2 results
2 results
2 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes appears to reduce gestational diabetes mellitus incidence.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes may improve emergency cesarean section rate.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Emergency cesarean section rate
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear reduction in incidence of macrosomia with Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Incidence of macrosomia
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes appears to reduce incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension during pregnancy.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension during pregnancy
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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