Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 4 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 75
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 4 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Linagliptin may increase postprandial renal hyperfiltration in type 2 diabetes
Last updated September 2, 2026
Key finding
Linagliptin increased the postprandial filtration fraction (FF; mean difference 2.1% point; P = .016)
This study evaluated the effects of linagliptin on renal function in adults with type 2 diabetes, finding significant improvements in certain renal parameters.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the effects of linagliptin on renal function in adults with type 2 diabetes, finding significant improvements in certain renal parameters.
Clinical relevance
Understanding the effects of these medications on kidney function is crucial for managing diabetes, as renal health is often compromised in diabetic patients. The findings suggest that while linagliptin may help improve kidney function, glimepiride remains a stronger option for controlling blood sugar levels.
Keep in mind
Unclear effectiveness for some outcomes. Limited generalizability due to specific population characteristics. Small sample size may affect the robustness of findings.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Marcel HAM, Lennart T, Mark MS, et al. The effect of linagliptin on postprandial renal haemodynamics in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 2021;24(1):115-124. doi:10.1111/dom.14557
Main Effects
Linagliptin increased postprandial filtration fraction by 2.1% (P = .016).
Linagliptin increased estimated glomerular hydraulic pressure by 3.0 mmHg (P = .050).
Glimepiride reduced HbA1c by 0.40% more than linagliptin (P = .004).
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Glimepiride, Linagliptin 5 mg and HbA1c, Estimated glomerular hydraulic pressure increase, Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Glimepiride
Primary outcomes
- HbA1c
- Estimated glomerular hydraulic pressure increase
- Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Primary intervention
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
5
Evidence pairs
5
Relationships
4
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 68
4
Related topics
5
Evidence pairs
1053
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 5 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 4 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Sulfonylureas and HbA1c
Related evidence
Evidence topic
Glycemic Control
Save evidence
Evidence topic
HbA1c Reduction
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Estimated glomerular hydraulic pressure increase
Linagliptin 5 mg → Estimated glomerular hydraulic pressure increase
Linagliptin 5 mg → Estimated glomerular hydraulic pressure increase
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerGlomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Linagliptin 5 mg → Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Linagliptin 5 mg → Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerPostprandial blood glucose
Linagliptin 5 mg → Postprandial blood glucose
Linagliptin 5 mg → Postprandial blood glucose
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerPostprandial filtration fraction increase
Linagliptin 5 mg → Postprandial filtration fraction increase
Linagliptin 5 mg → Postprandial filtration fraction increase
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
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Evidence Suggest
- Linagliptin improved filtration fraction by 2.1%.
- Estimated glomerular hydraulic pressure increased by 3 mmHg with linagliptin.
- Glimepiride reduced HbA1c by 0.40% more effectively than linagliptin.
Who this applies to
- Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
- Patients requiring medication for blood sugar control.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to populations outside the study group.
- Further research needed to confirm long-term effects.
- Statistical significance does not always imply clinical relevance.
Between the Lines
- Unclear effectiveness for some outcomes.
- Limited generalizability due to specific population characteristics.
- Small sample size may affect the robustness of findings.
Evidence Library
Build your evidence library
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Sulfonylureas and HbA1c, Linagliptin 5 mg and Estimated glomerular hydraulic pressure increase.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Medications
Sulfonylureas → HbA1c
Medications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 4 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 75
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 4 studies
View evidenceDiet and Nutrition
Linagliptin 5 mg → Estimated glomerular hydraulic pressure increase
Diet and Nutrition
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
HbA1c Evidence Hub
All studies measuring HbA1c
4 studies
outcome_hubMeasures HbA1c as a key outcome.
Sulfonylureas Evidence Hub
All studies on Sulfonylureas
4 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Sulfonylureas evidence base.
Estimated glomerular hydraulic pressure increase Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Estimated glomerular hydraulic pressure increase
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Estimated glomerular hydraulic pressure increase as a key outcome.
Linagliptin 5 mg Evidence Hub
All studies on Linagliptin 5 mg
1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Linagliptin 5 mg evidence base.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on Glimepiride and HbA1c
Intervention: GlimepirideOutcome: HbA1c
4 results
All studies on Linagliptin 5 mg and Estimated glomerular hydraulic pressure increase
Intervention: Linagliptin 5 mgOutcome: Estimated glomerular hydraulic pressure increase
1 results
All studies on Glimepiride
Intervention: Glimepiride
4 results
All studies on Linagliptin 5 mg
Intervention: Linagliptin 5 mg
1 results
All studies measuring HbA1c
Outcome: HbA1c
4 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Do Sulfonylureas lower HbA1c?
Strong Evidence
Sulfonylureas may lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 7 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
What evidence is available on Linagliptin 5 mg and estimated glomerular hydraulic pressure increase?
Emerging Evidence
Linagliptin 5 mg appears to improve estimated glomerular hydraulic pressure increase.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Estimated glomerular hydraulic pressure increase
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
What evidence is available on Linagliptin 5 mg and postprandial filtration fraction increase?
Emerging Evidence
Linagliptin 5 mg appears to improve postprandial filtration fraction increase.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Postprandial filtration fraction increase
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Does Linagliptin 5 mg improve glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Emerging Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Linagliptin 5 mg for glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Next steps
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