Last updated August 16, 2026
Key finding
Supplementation with melatonin significantly increased the serum levels of TAC in the intervention group (P = 0.02).
This study investigated the effects of melatonin supplementation alongside non-surgical periodontal therapy in T2DM patients with periodontal disease, finding significant improvements in several inflammatory and antioxidant markers.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study investigated the effects of melatonin supplementation alongside non-surgical periodontal therapy in T2DM patients with periodontal disease, finding significant improvements in several inflammatory and antioxidant markers.
These findings are significant as they suggest that melatonin could serve as an effective adjunctive treatment for T2DM patients with periodontal disease, potentially improving their overall health by addressing both periodontal inflammation and oxidative stress. This could lead to better management of diabetes-related complications and enhance patient outcomes.
Limited sample size may affect generalizability. Short duration of the study may not capture long-term effects. Potential confounding factors not fully controlled.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Ahmad ZJ, Seyed AH, Hassan G, Leila M, Mohammad HH, Hadi B. The adjunctive effects of melatonin and non-surgical periodontal therapy may improve inflammatory and antioxidant parameters in T2DM patients with periodontal disease. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. 2020;13:753-761. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S242208
Melatonin significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.02).
Melatonin significantly increased superoxide dismutase levels (P = 0.008).
Melatonin significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.001).
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Melatonin and Change in Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) Levels, Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Melatonin
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
1
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
59
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Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Melatonin → Change in Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) Levels
Melatonin → Change in Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) Levels
Melatonin → Glutathione peroxidase (GPx)
Melatonin → Glutathione peroxidase (GPx)
Melatonin → Serum Levels of Catalase (CAT)
Melatonin → Serum Levels of Catalase (CAT)
Melatonin → Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)
Melatonin → Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)
Melatonin → Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC)
Melatonin → Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC)
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Melatonin and Oxidative Stress Markers, Melatonin and Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Supplements
Supplements
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
Measures Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers as a key outcome.
All studies on Melatonin
Contributes to Melatonin evidence base.
All studies measuring Oxidative Stress Markers
Measures Oxidative Stress Markers as a key outcome.
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2 results
2 results
2 results
2 results
2 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Melatonin may improve Malondialdehyde (MDA).
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Malondialdehyde (MDA)
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
Melatonin may improve Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC).
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC)
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
Melatonin appears to improve Change in Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) Levels.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Change in Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) Levels
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Melatonin appears to improve Glutathione peroxidase (GPx).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Glutathione peroxidase (GPx)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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