Last updated July 8, 2026
Key finding
Foot care behavior improved significantly (t = -18.941, p < 0.01)
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of a mobile health intervention on diabetes self-management, revealing significant improvements in foot care and dietary behaviors.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Extended (5–20+ y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of a mobile health intervention on diabetes self-management, revealing significant improvements in foot care and dietary behaviors.
Improving self-management behaviors in diabetes is crucial for preventing complications. The findings suggest that mobile health interventions can effectively enhance specific aspects of diabetes care, potentially leading to better long-term health outcomes for patients.
The effectiveness of the intervention remains unclear due to limited evidence data. The study's sample size and population characteristics may limit generalizability. Fasting plasma glucose showed no significant change, indicating potential limitations in metabolic impact.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Mohd KZHF, Piyanuch J, Umaporn B, Muhammad KCH. The Effect of Mobile Health Intervention on Diabetes Self-Management: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Belitung Nursing Journal. 2023;9(5):437-447. doi:10.33546/bnj.2664
Foot care behavior improved significantly (t = -18.941, p < 0.01)
Dietary behavior improved significantly (t = -5.718, p < 0.01)
Foot condition improved significantly (t = 4.894, p < 0.01)
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Rama Diabetes Care app and Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), Improvement in dietary behavior, Improvement in foot care behavior, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Rama Diabetes Care app
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
3
Related topics
4
Evidence pairs
942
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Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
Save evidence
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Rama Diabetes Care app → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Rama Diabetes Care app → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Rama Diabetes Care app → Improvement in dietary behavior
Rama Diabetes Care app → Improvement in dietary behavior
Rama Diabetes Care app → Improvement in foot care behavior
Rama Diabetes Care app → Improvement in foot care behavior
Rama Diabetes Care app → Improvement in foot condition
Rama Diabetes Care app → Improvement in foot condition
Evidence Library
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Rama Diabetes Care app and Fasting Glucose, Rama Diabetes Care app and Improvement in dietary behavior.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Fasting Glucose
Measures Fasting Glucose as a key outcome.
All studies on Rama Diabetes Care app
Contributes to Rama Diabetes Care app evidence base.
All studies measuring Improvement in dietary behavior
Measures Improvement in dietary behavior as a key outcome.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
2 results
1 results
2 results
2 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Rama Diabetes Care app may improve fasting plasma glucose (FPG).
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
Rama Diabetes Care app appears to improve improvement in dietary behavior.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Improvement in dietary behavior
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Rama Diabetes Care app appears to improve improvement in foot care behavior.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Improvement in foot care behavior
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Rama Diabetes Care app appears to improve improvement in foot condition.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Improvement in foot condition
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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