Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 56
- Emerging
- ImpactScore™
- 86
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Moderate Carbohydrate Diet Improves Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes
Last updated August 22, 2026
Key finding
Mean blood glucose level decreased by 1.5 mmol/L.
This study examined the effects of moderate carbohydrate and traditional diabetes diets on glycemic control in adults with Type 1 diabetes, finding no significant differences between the two diets.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study examined the effects of moderate carbohydrate and traditional diabetes diets on glycemic control in adults with Type 1 diabetes, finding no significant differences between the two diets.
Clinical relevance
Understanding the impact of different dietary approaches on glycemic control is crucial for managing Type 1 diabetes. This study suggests that patients may have flexibility in their dietary choices without compromising their blood sugar management, which can enhance adherence and quality of life.
Keep in mind
Limited sample size may affect the generalizability of results. Short duration of the study may not capture long-term effects. Potential unmeasured confounders could influence outcomes.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Sofia SI, Arndís F&, Marcus L. Effects of Carbohydrate Intake on Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2023;10:1114317. doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1114317
Main Effects
No significant difference in mean blood glucose levels between the diets.
No significant difference in time-in-range between the diets.
No significant difference in hypoglycemia events between the diets.
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Low-carbohydrate diet and Blood glucose, Blood lipid, Glucose variability, and 9 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Low-carbohydrate diet
Primary outcomes
- Blood glucose
- Blood lipid
- Glucose variability
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
12
Evidence pairs
12
Relationships
6
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 68
6
Related topics
12
Evidence pairs
1563
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 12 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 6 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education and HbA1c
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education and Blood Pressure
Save evidence
Evidence relationship
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education and CGM Time in Range
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerGlucose variability
Low-carbohydrate diet → Glucose variability
Low-carbohydrate diet → Glucose variability
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 82
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 86
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 75
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 13 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerHyperglycemia events
Low-carbohydrate diet → Hyperglycemia events
Low-carbohydrate diet → Hyperglycemia events
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerHypoglycaemia confidence measured by the Hypoglycemia Confidence Scale
Low-carbohydrate diet → Hypoglycaemia confidence measured by the Hypoglycemia Confidence Scale
Low-carbohydrate diet → Hypoglycaemia confidence measured by the Hypoglycemia Confidence Scale
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerHypoglycemia events
Low-carbohydrate diet → Hypoglycemia events
Low-carbohydrate diet → Hypoglycemia events
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerOxford Maternity Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction (OMDTSQ) score
Low-carbohydrate diet → Oxford Maternity Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction (OMDTSQ) score
Low-carbohydrate diet → Oxford Maternity Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction (OMDTSQ) score
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerPhysical activity level (MET-minutes per week)
Low-carbohydrate diet → Physical activity level (MET-minutes per week)
Low-carbohydrate diet → Physical activity level (MET-minutes per week)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerSystolic blood pressure
Low-carbohydrate diet → Systolic blood pressure
Low-carbohydrate diet → Systolic blood pressure
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 3 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 67
- Slightly Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 67
- generally_consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 3 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 3 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- 67
- generally_consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 3 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
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Evidence Suggest
- Mean blood glucose decreased by 1.5 mmol/L (p=0.01) in one of the diets.
- No significant differences in HbA1c levels were observed.
- Diabetes treatment satisfaction scores did not differ between diets.
Who this applies to
- Adults diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes.
- Individuals seeking dietary management options for diabetes.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to populations outside the study sample.
- The study did not assess long-term dietary adherence or outcomes.
- Findings are based on self-reported data, which may introduce bias.
Between the Lines
- Limited sample size may affect the generalizability of results.
- Short duration of the study may not capture long-term effects.
- Potential unmeasured confounders could influence outcomes.
Evidence Library
Build your evidence library
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education and HbA1c, Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education and Blood Pressure.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diet and Nutrition
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education → HbA1c
Diet and Nutrition
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 82
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 86
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 75
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 13 studies
View evidenceDiet and Nutrition
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education → Blood Pressure
Diet and Nutrition
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 3 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 67
- Slightly Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 67
- generally_consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 3 studies
View evidenceDiet and Nutrition
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education → Blood lipid
Diet and Nutrition
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
HbA1c Evidence Hub
All studies measuring HbA1c
13 studies
outcome_hubMeasures HbA1c as a key outcome.
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education Evidence Hub
All studies on Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education
13 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education evidence base.
Blood Pressure Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Blood Pressure
3 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Blood Pressure as a key outcome.
Blood lipid Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Blood lipid
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Blood lipid as a key outcome.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on Low-carbohydrate diet and HbA1c
Intervention: Low-carbohydrate dietOutcome: HbA1c
13 results
All studies on Low-carbohydrate diet and Systolic blood pressure
Intervention: Low-carbohydrate dietOutcome: Systolic blood pressure
3 results
All studies on Low-carbohydrate diet
Intervention: Low-carbohydrate diet
13 results
All studies measuring HbA1c
Outcome: HbA1c
13 results
All studies measuring Systolic blood pressure
Outcome: Systolic blood pressure
3 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education improve HbA1c?
Strong Evidence
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education appears to improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 82.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 14 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education improve blood pressure?
Strong Evidence
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education may improve Blood Pressure.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Systolic blood pressure
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 4 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education improve cgm time in range?
Strong Evidence
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education may improve CGM Time in Range.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Time in range
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 4 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education improve fasting glucose?
Strong Evidence
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education appears to improve Fasting Glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Blood glucose
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 56.1 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 6 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
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