Last updated August 16, 2026
Key finding
PAID score improved significantly in the intervention group (12.7 ± 13.6) compared to the control group (22.7 ± 22.8).
This study evaluated a motivational interviewing-based patient empowerment program for self-management in type 2 diabetes, finding significant improvements in psychological outcomes but no changes in exercise, diet, or medication adherence.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated a motivational interviewing-based patient empowerment program for self-management in type 2 diabetes, finding significant improvements in psychological outcomes but no changes in exercise, diet, or medication adherence.
Improving psychological aspects of diabetes management can enhance patients' overall well-being and motivation. While the program showed promise in addressing emotional challenges, the lack of impact on adherence to lifestyle changes suggests that additional strategies may be needed to promote comprehensive self-management in diabetes.
The study did not assess long-term effects beyond the 3-month follow-up. Sample size and demographic characteristics may limit generalizability. No significant changes in adherence behaviors were observed.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Zhe L, Qingqi C, Jingya Y, Wei L, William CWW. Effects of a motivational interviewing-based patient empowerment program on self-management in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Health Services Research. 2020;20:57. doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4776-8
PAID score improved significantly in the intervention group (12.7 ± 13.6) compared to control (22.7 ± 22.8).
PEI score improved significantly at 3-month follow-up in the MI group (7.27 ± 2.45 vs 5.81 ± 2.97).
No differences were found between groups for exercise, diet, or medication adherence.
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) and Adherence to Purposeful Exercise, Adherence to dietary recommendations measured by BALANCE Index, Diabetes-related misconceptions, and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI)
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
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Related topics
5
Evidence pairs
0
Related studies
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) → Adherence to dietary recommendations measured by BALANCE Index
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) → Adherence to dietary recommendations measured by BALANCE Index
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) → Adherence to Purposeful Exercise
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) → Adherence to Purposeful Exercise
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) → Diabetes-related misconceptions
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) → Diabetes-related misconceptions
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) → Patient Enablement Index (PEI) Score
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) → Patient Enablement Index (PEI) Score
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) → Proportion of participants with good medication adherence
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) → Proportion of participants with good medication adherence
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) and Adherence to dietary recommendations measured by BALANCE Index, Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) and Adherence to Purposeful Exercise.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Adherence to dietary recommendations measured by BALANCE Index
Measures Adherence to dietary recommendations measured by BALANCE Index as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Adherence to Purposeful Exercise
Measures Adherence to Purposeful Exercise as a key outcome.
All studies on Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI)
Contributes to Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) evidence base.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) appears to improve diabetes-related misconceptions.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Diabetes-related misconceptions
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) appears to improve patient enablement index (PEI) score.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Patient Enablement Index (PEI) Score
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) for adherence to purposeful exercise.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Adherence to Purposeful Exercise
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) for adherence to dietary recommendations measured by balance index.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Adherence to dietary recommendations measured by BALANCE Index
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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