Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 4 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- 75
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 4 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
IGF-1 Linked to Bone Health in Type 1 Diabetes
Last updated September 9, 2026
Key finding
Bone mineral density z-scores at lumbar spine were approximately 0.5 SDS lower than reference values (p=0.005–0.04).
This study investigated the link between glycemic control and bone health in adolescents with poorly controlled Type 1 Diabetes, finding no significant changes in HbA1c levels but some variations in bone mineral density.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Long-Term (1–5 y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study investigated the link between glycemic control and bone health in adolescents with poorly controlled Type 1 Diabetes, finding no significant changes in HbA1c levels but some variations in bone mineral density.
Clinical relevance
Understanding the relationship between glycemic control and bone health is crucial for managing adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. Poor bone health can lead to long-term complications, and identifying factors that influence bone density can help in developing targeted interventions to improve overall health outcomes in this population.
Keep in mind
The study had a limited sample size, which may affect the generalizability of the findings. The follow-up duration of 12 months may not capture long-term effects. No significant changes in HbA1c levels were observed, raising questions about intervention effectiveness.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Mari-Anne P, Tero V, Sanna T, et al. Investigating the Association Between Glycemic Control and Bone Health in Adolescents with Poorly Controlled Type 1 Diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care. 2025;13(5):e005134. doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2025-005134
Main Effects
Bone mineral density z-scores at lumbar spine were approximately 0.5 SDS lower than reference values (p=0.005).
An increase in proximal femur z-scores was observed in girls during the 12-month follow-up.
Bone mineral density z-scores at total body less head were approximately 0.5 SDS lower than reference values (p=0.005).
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Control Group Usual Activity, Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) and HbA1c, No Vertebral Fractures, Bone Mineral Density z-scores at Proximal Femur, and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Control Group Usual Activity
Primary outcomes
- HbA1c
- No Vertebral Fractures
- Bone Mineral Density z-scores at Proximal Femur
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
6
Evidence pairs
6
Relationships
2
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 68
2
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
553
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 6 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 2 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
Bone Mineral Density
matched_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
HbA1c Reduction
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
No Vertebral Fractures
Control Group Usual Activity → No Vertebral Fractures
Control Group Usual Activity → No Vertebral Fractures
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerBone mineral density (BMD)
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) → Bone mineral density (BMD)
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) → Bone mineral density (BMD)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerBone Mineral Density z-scores at Proximal Femur
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) → Bone Mineral Density z-scores at Proximal Femur
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) → Bone Mineral Density z-scores at Proximal Femur
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 85
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerBone Mineral Density z-scores at Total Body Less Head
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) → Bone Mineral Density z-scores at Total Body Less Head
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) → Bone Mineral Density z-scores at Total Body Less Head
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerTotal IGF-1 levels measured after overnight fasting
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) → Total IGF-1 levels measured after overnight fasting
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) → Total IGF-1 levels measured after overnight fasting
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
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Evidence Suggest
- Bone mineral density z-scores at lumbar spine were significantly lower than reference values.
- Proximal femur z-scores increased in girls during the study.
- No vertebral fractures were detected in participants.
Who this applies to
- Adolescents aged 10-19 with poorly controlled Type 1 Diabetes.
- Participants experiencing challenges in glycemic control.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not be applicable to adolescents with well-controlled diabetes.
- The study focused on a specific age group, limiting broader applicability.
- Further research is needed to explore long-term effects on bone health.
Between the Lines
- The study had a limited sample size, which may affect the generalizability of the findings.
- The follow-up duration of 12 months may not capture long-term effects.
- No significant changes in HbA1c levels were observed, raising questions about intervention effectiveness.
Evidence Library
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Control Group Usual Activity and HbA1c, Control Group Usual Activity and No Vertebral Fractures.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Physical Activity
Control Group Usual Activity → HbA1c
Physical Activity
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 4 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- 75
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 4 studies
View evidencePhysical Activity
Control Group Usual Activity → No Vertebral Fractures
Physical Activity
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Control Group Usual Activity Evidence Hub
All studies on Control Group Usual Activity
4 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Control Group Usual Activity evidence base.
HbA1c Evidence Hub
All studies measuring HbA1c
4 studies
outcome_hubMeasures HbA1c as a key outcome.
No Vertebral Fractures Evidence Hub
All studies measuring No Vertebral Fractures
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures No Vertebral Fractures as a key outcome.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on Control Group Usual Activity and HbA1c
Intervention: Control Group Usual ActivityOutcome: HbA1c
4 results
All studies on Control Group Usual Activity and No Vertebral Fractures
Intervention: Control Group Usual ActivityOutcome: No Vertebral Fractures
1 results
All studies on Control Group Usual Activity
Intervention: Control Group Usual Activity
4 results
All studies measuring HbA1c
Outcome: HbA1c
4 results
All studies measuring No Vertebral Fractures
Outcome: No Vertebral Fractures
1 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Control Group Usual Activity lower HbA1c?
Strong Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Control Group Usual Activity for HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Does Control Group Usual Activity improve no vertebral fractures?
Emerging Evidence
Control Group Usual Activity appears to improve no vertebral fractures.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
No Vertebral Fractures
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Does Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) improve bone mineral density z-scores at proximal femur?
Emerging Evidence
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) appears to improve bone mineral density z-scores at proximal femur.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Bone Mineral Density z-scores at Proximal Femur
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Does Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) improve total igf-1 levels measured after overnight fasting?
Emerging Evidence
Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) appears to improve total igf-1 levels measured after overnight fasting.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Total IGF-1 levels measured after overnight fasting
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Next steps
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Evidence topics
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All studies on Control Group Usual Activity and HbA1cAll studies on Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) and Bone Mineral Density z-scores at Proximal FemurAll studies on Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) and Bone Mineral Density z-scores at Total Body Less HeadAll studies on Motivational Interviewing (tDNA-MI) and Bone mineral density (BMD)
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