NoneNo Change
Insulin resistance
Maltodextrin Group (20 g maltodextrin) → Insulin resistance
Maltodextrin Group (20 g maltodextrin) → Insulin resistance
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
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Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Protein Supplementation Improves Insulin Resistance in Older Adults with T2 Diabetes
Key finding
The Protein Group showed a significant reduction in HOMA-IR (p = 0.03)
This study investigated the effects of resistance training combined with protein or carbohydrate supplementation on muscle strength and insulin resistance in older adults with type 2 diabetes. The protein group showed significant improvement in insulin resistance.
Evidence strength
Moderate confidence
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Extended (5–20+ y)
Some Concerns bias
Last updated July 3, 2026Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
Population
Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64), Male, Female, Asia-Pacific (APAC), with T2 Diabetes
Intervention
Protein Group (20 g whey protein), Maltodextrin Group (20 g maltodextrin), Control Group (colored water)
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Extended (5–20+ y)
Primary outcome
Insulin resistance
Comparator
colored water
Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study investigated the effects of resistance training combined with protein or carbohydrate supplementation on muscle strength and insulin resistance in older adults with type 2 diabetes. The protein group showed significant improvement in insulin resistance.
Clinical relevance
This research highlights the potential benefits of incorporating protein supplementation into resistance training for older adults with type 2 diabetes. Improved insulin resistance can lead to better diabetes management and overall health outcomes, making it a valuable consideration for clinicians and patients alike.
Keep in mind
The study did not measure long-term effects beyond the intervention period. Sample size and demographic characteristics may limit generalizability. No significant changes were observed in muscle thickness or lipid profiles.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Juliana LR, Matheus HDSL, Marcus VG, et al. Effects of Resistance Training Combined with Protein or Carbohydrate Supplementation on Muscle Strength and Insulin Resistance in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. 2026;38(1):128. doi:10.1007/s40520-026-03374-8
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Main Effects
The Protein Group showed a significant reduction in HOMA-IR by -2.7 units (p = 0.03), indicating improved insulin resistance.
Resistance training improved muscle strength by 0.5 kg across all groups.
Carbohydrate supplementation showed no metabolic effect on insulin resistance.
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Maltodextrin Group (20 g maltodextrin), whey protein 20g and Insulin resistance, Muscular strength, lipid profiles.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Maltodextrin Group (20 g maltodextrin)
Primary outcomes
- Insulin resistance
- Muscular strength
- lipid profiles
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
6
Evidence pairs
6
Relationships
0
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 54
0
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
0
Related studies
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 6 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 0 direct semantic evidence topics
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
NoneNo Change
lipid profiles
Maltodextrin Group (20 g maltodextrin) → lipid profiles
Maltodextrin Group (20 g maltodextrin) → lipid profiles
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
Unlock full evidence details
NoneIncrease
Muscular strength
Maltodextrin Group (20 g maltodextrin) → Muscular strength
Maltodextrin Group (20 g maltodextrin) → Muscular strength
Evidence profile
NoneIncreaseMetabolic Health
Unlock full evidence details
StrongDecrease
Insulin resistance
whey protein 20g → Insulin resistance
whey protein 20g → Insulin resistance
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseMetabolic Health
Unlock full evidence details
NoneNo Change
lipid profiles
whey protein 20g → lipid profiles
whey protein 20g → lipid profiles
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeMetabolic Health
Unlock full evidence details
NoneIncrease
Muscular strength
whey protein 20g → Muscular strength
whey protein 20g → Muscular strength
Evidence profile
NoneIncreaseMetabolic Health
Unlock full evidence details
Unlock full evidence analysis
Create a free account to access effectiveness ratings, evidence strength and depth scores, consistency analysis, and direct links to all supporting studies.
Evidence Suggest
- Whey protein supplementation significantly reduced insulin resistance (HOMA-IR decrease of -2.7 units).
- Resistance training led to a consistent increase in muscle strength (0.5 kg improvement).
- Carbohydrate supplementation did not affect metabolic outcomes.
Who this applies to
- Older adults aged 65 and above with type 2 diabetes.
- Individuals undergoing resistance training programs.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to younger populations or those without diabetes.
- The study focused on short-term outcomes; long-term effects remain unknown.
- Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind the observed effects.
Between the Lines
- The study did not measure long-term effects beyond the intervention period.
- Sample size and demographic characteristics may limit generalizability.
- No significant changes were observed in muscle thickness or lipid profiles.
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on whey protein 20g and Insulin Resistance.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ArchiveThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Included in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Insulin Resistance Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Insulin Resistance
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Insulin Resistance as a key outcome.
whey protein 20g Evidence Hub
All studies on whey protein 20g
1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to whey protein 20g evidence base.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
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Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does whey protein 20g improve insulin resistance?
Emerging Evidence
whey protein 20g appears to improve Insulin resistance.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Insulin resistance
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 52.9 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Maltodextrin Group (20 g maltodextrin) improve insulin resistance?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Maltodextrin Group (20 g maltodextrin) for Insulin resistance.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Insulin resistance
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 35.4 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Maltodextrin Group (20 g maltodextrin) improve muscular strength?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Maltodextrin Group (20 g maltodextrin) for Muscular strength.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Muscular strength
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 35.4 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Maltodextrin Group (20 g maltodextrin) improve lipid profiles?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Maltodextrin Group (20 g maltodextrin) for lipid profiles.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
lipid profiles
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 35.4 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
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