Last updated August 22, 2026
Key finding
Automated basal insulin delivery was higher in the qualitative meal-size estimation arm (34.6 vs. 32.6 units/day; P = 0.003).
Comparison of qualitative meal-size estimation with carbohydrate counting in adults with type 1 diabetes.
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EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
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Study focus
Comparison of qualitative meal-size estimation with carbohydrate counting in adults with type 1 diabetes.
This study evaluated Comparison of qualitative meal-size estimation with carbohydrate counting in adults with type 1 diabetes.
Limitations were not clearly described in the extracted text.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Ahmad H, Laurent L, Marie R, et al. Qualitative Meal-Size Estimation Compared with Carbohydrate Counting in Automated Insulin Delivery. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(7):1372-1378. doi:10.2337/dc22-2297
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Hybrid closed-loop system and Daily units of automated basal insulin delivered, Time in range.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Hybrid closed-loop system
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
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Evidence network role
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3
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2
Evidence pairs
898
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Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
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Evidence topic
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Hybrid closed-loop system → Daily units of automated basal insulin delivered
Hybrid closed-loop system → Daily units of automated basal insulin delivered
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Insulin Delivery Systems and CGM Time in Range, Insulin Delivery Systems and Daily units of automated basal insulin delivered.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Devices & Technology
Devices & Technology
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring CGM Time in Range
Measures CGM Time in Range as a key outcome.
All studies on Insulin Delivery Systems
Contributes to Insulin Delivery Systems evidence base.
All studies measuring Daily units of automated basal insulin delivered
Measures Daily units of automated basal insulin delivered as a key outcome.
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21 results
1 results
21 results
21 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Insulin Delivery Systems may improve CGM Time in Range.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Time in range
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 87.7 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 38 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Hybrid closed-loop system appears to improve daily units of automated basal insulin delivered.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Daily units of automated basal insulin delivered
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
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