Last updated September 9, 2026
Key finding
Self-management ability scores were higher in both groups following the intervention than before the intervention (P<0.001), and the increase was more notable in the study group.
This study evaluated the effects of a self-management-clustered pregnancy care model on pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, finding significant improvements in self-management abilities and health outcomes.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the effects of a self-management-clustered pregnancy care model on pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, finding significant improvements in self-management abilities and health outcomes.
This study highlights the importance of self-management in pregnancy care for women with gestational diabetes, suggesting that tailored behavioral interventions can lead to better health outcomes. Improved self-management abilities can empower patients, reduce complications, and enhance overall maternal and fetal health, making it a crucial consideration for healthcare providers.
The study may have limited generalizability due to specific population characteristics. Sample size and demographic diversity were not detailed, which could affect findings. Potential biases in self-reported measures could influence outcome accuracy.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Shuting T, Song W, Jinyan W, et al. Effects of a Self-Management-Clustered Pregnancy Care Model on Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Women's Health. 2025;17:189-199. doi:10.2147/IJWH.S504365
Self-management ability scores increased significantly in the study group (29.64 score increase, P<0.001).
Anxiety scale scores decreased significantly in the study group (15.02 score decrease, P<0.001).
Fasting plasma glucose levels reduced significantly in the study group (0.47 mmol/L decrease, P<0.001).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) and Anxiety scale scores, Depression self-assessment scale scores, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), and 6 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM)
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
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Related topics
9
Evidence pairs
933
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Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) → Anxiety scale scores
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) → Anxiety scale scores
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) → Depression self-assessment scale scores
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) → Depression self-assessment scale scores
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) → Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) → Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) → Incidence of macrosomia
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) → Incidence of macrosomia
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) → Maternal gestational hypertension
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) → Maternal gestational hypertension
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) → Pre-term labour rate
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) → Pre-term labour rate
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) → Self-management scores
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) → Self-management scores
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) → Spontaneous delivery rate
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) → Spontaneous delivery rate
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) and Anxiety scale scores, Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) and Depression self-assessment scale scores.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Anxiety scale scores
Measures Anxiety scale scores as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Depression self-assessment scale scores
Measures Depression self-assessment scale scores as a key outcome.
All studies on Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM)
Contributes to Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) evidence base.
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Published within the last 2 years.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) appears to improve anxiety scale scores.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Anxiety scale scores
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) appears to improve depression self-assessment scale scores.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Depression self-assessment scale scores
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) appears to improve fasting plasma glucose (FPG).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Self-management-cluster-based pregnancy care model (SMB-CPCM) appears to improve glucose iauc (OGTT).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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